Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans
Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive c...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9832248 2023-05-15T17:33:21+02:00 Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans Cheng, Lijing Abraham, John Trenberth, Kevin E. Fasullo, John Boyer, Tim Mann, Michael E. Zhu, Jiang Wang, Fan Locarnini, Ricardo Li, Yuanlong Zhang, Bin Yu, Fujiang Wan, Liying Chen, Xingrong Feng, Licheng Song, Xiangzhou Liu, Yulong Reseghetti, Franco Simoncelli, Simona Gouretski, Viktor Chen, Gengxin Mishonov, Alexey Reagan, Jim Li, Guancheng 2023-01-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832248/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2 en eng Science Press http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832248/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2 © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source, plus a link to the Creative Commons license, and indications of any changes made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, the user will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . CC-BY Adv Atmos Sci Original Paper Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2 2023-01-15T02:03:22Z Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive changes in Earth’s climate system. In 2022, the world’s oceans, as given by OHC, were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2021 record maximum. According to IAP/CAS data, the 0–2000 m OHC in 2022 exceeded that of 2021 by 10.9 ± 8.3 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 10(21) Joules); and according to NCEI/NOAA data, by 9.1 ± 8.7 ZJ. Among seven regions, four basins (the North Pacific, North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans) recorded their highest OHC since the 1950s. The salinity-contrast index, a quantification of the “salty gets saltier—fresh gets fresher” pattern, also reached its highest level on record in 2022, implying continued amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional OHC and salinity changes in 2022 were dominated by a strong La Niña event. Global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend and was among the top seven in 2022. Text North Atlantic PubMed Central (PMC) Pacific Advances in Atmospheric Sciences |
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Original Paper |
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Original Paper Cheng, Lijing Abraham, John Trenberth, Kevin E. Fasullo, John Boyer, Tim Mann, Michael E. Zhu, Jiang Wang, Fan Locarnini, Ricardo Li, Yuanlong Zhang, Bin Yu, Fujiang Wan, Liying Chen, Xingrong Feng, Licheng Song, Xiangzhou Liu, Yulong Reseghetti, Franco Simoncelli, Simona Gouretski, Viktor Chen, Gengxin Mishonov, Alexey Reagan, Jim Li, Guancheng Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans |
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Original Paper |
description |
Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive changes in Earth’s climate system. In 2022, the world’s oceans, as given by OHC, were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2021 record maximum. According to IAP/CAS data, the 0–2000 m OHC in 2022 exceeded that of 2021 by 10.9 ± 8.3 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 10(21) Joules); and according to NCEI/NOAA data, by 9.1 ± 8.7 ZJ. Among seven regions, four basins (the North Pacific, North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans) recorded their highest OHC since the 1950s. The salinity-contrast index, a quantification of the “salty gets saltier—fresh gets fresher” pattern, also reached its highest level on record in 2022, implying continued amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional OHC and salinity changes in 2022 were dominated by a strong La Niña event. Global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend and was among the top seven in 2022. |
format |
Text |
author |
Cheng, Lijing Abraham, John Trenberth, Kevin E. Fasullo, John Boyer, Tim Mann, Michael E. Zhu, Jiang Wang, Fan Locarnini, Ricardo Li, Yuanlong Zhang, Bin Yu, Fujiang Wan, Liying Chen, Xingrong Feng, Licheng Song, Xiangzhou Liu, Yulong Reseghetti, Franco Simoncelli, Simona Gouretski, Viktor Chen, Gengxin Mishonov, Alexey Reagan, Jim Li, Guancheng |
author_facet |
Cheng, Lijing Abraham, John Trenberth, Kevin E. Fasullo, John Boyer, Tim Mann, Michael E. Zhu, Jiang Wang, Fan Locarnini, Ricardo Li, Yuanlong Zhang, Bin Yu, Fujiang Wan, Liying Chen, Xingrong Feng, Licheng Song, Xiangzhou Liu, Yulong Reseghetti, Franco Simoncelli, Simona Gouretski, Viktor Chen, Gengxin Mishonov, Alexey Reagan, Jim Li, Guancheng |
author_sort |
Cheng, Lijing |
title |
Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans |
title_short |
Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans |
title_full |
Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans |
title_fullStr |
Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans |
title_sort |
another year of record heat for the oceans |
publisher |
Science Press |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832248/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Adv Atmos Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832248/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source, plus a link to the Creative Commons license, and indications of any changes made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, the user will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2 |
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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences |
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