Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland
Strýtan Hydrothermal Field (SHF) is a submarine system located in Eyjafördur in northern Iceland composed of two main vents: Big Strýtan and Arnarnesstrýtan. The vents are shallow, ranging from 16 to 70 m water depth, and vent high pH (up to 10.2), moderate temperature (T(max) ∼70°C), anoxic, fresh...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713835/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9713835 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9713835 2023-05-15T16:48:30+02:00 Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland Twing, Katrina I. Ward, L. M. Kane, Zachary K. Sanders, Alexa Price, Roy Edward Pendleton, H. Lizethe Giovannelli, Donato Brazelton, William J. McGlynn, Shawn E. 2022-11-17 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713835/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713835/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 Copyright © 2022 Twing, Ward, Kane, Sanders, Price, Pendleton, Giovannelli, Brazelton and McGlynn. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Front Microbiol Microbiology Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 2022-12-04T02:18:24Z Strýtan Hydrothermal Field (SHF) is a submarine system located in Eyjafördur in northern Iceland composed of two main vents: Big Strýtan and Arnarnesstrýtan. The vents are shallow, ranging from 16 to 70 m water depth, and vent high pH (up to 10.2), moderate temperature (T(max) ∼70°C), anoxic, fresh fluids elevated in dissolved silica, with slightly elevated concentrations of hydrogen and methane. In contrast to other alkaline hydrothermal vents, SHF is unique because it is hosted in basalt and therefore the high pH is not created by serpentinization. While previous studies have assessed the geology and geochemistry of this site, the microbial diversity of SHF has not been explored in detail. Here we present a microbial diversity survey of the actively venting fluids and chimneys from Big Strýtan and Arnarnesstrýtan, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Community members from the vent fluids are mostly aerobic heterotrophic bacteria; however, within the chimneys oxic, low oxygen, and anoxic habitats could be distinguished, where taxa putatively capable of acetogenesis, sulfur-cycling, and hydrogen metabolism were observed. Very few archaea were observed in the samples. The inhabitants of SHF are more similar to terrestrial hot spring samples than other marine sites. It has been hypothesized that life on Earth (and elsewhere in the solar system) could have originated in an alkaline hydrothermal system, however all other studied alkaline submarine hydrothermal systems to date are fueled by serpentinization. SHF adds to our understandings of hydrothermal vents in relationship to microbial diversity, evolution, and possibly the origin of life. Text Iceland PubMed Central (PMC) Frontiers in Microbiology 13 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Microbiology |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology Twing, Katrina I. Ward, L. M. Kane, Zachary K. Sanders, Alexa Price, Roy Edward Pendleton, H. Lizethe Giovannelli, Donato Brazelton, William J. McGlynn, Shawn E. Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland |
topic_facet |
Microbiology |
description |
Strýtan Hydrothermal Field (SHF) is a submarine system located in Eyjafördur in northern Iceland composed of two main vents: Big Strýtan and Arnarnesstrýtan. The vents are shallow, ranging from 16 to 70 m water depth, and vent high pH (up to 10.2), moderate temperature (T(max) ∼70°C), anoxic, fresh fluids elevated in dissolved silica, with slightly elevated concentrations of hydrogen and methane. In contrast to other alkaline hydrothermal vents, SHF is unique because it is hosted in basalt and therefore the high pH is not created by serpentinization. While previous studies have assessed the geology and geochemistry of this site, the microbial diversity of SHF has not been explored in detail. Here we present a microbial diversity survey of the actively venting fluids and chimneys from Big Strýtan and Arnarnesstrýtan, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Community members from the vent fluids are mostly aerobic heterotrophic bacteria; however, within the chimneys oxic, low oxygen, and anoxic habitats could be distinguished, where taxa putatively capable of acetogenesis, sulfur-cycling, and hydrogen metabolism were observed. Very few archaea were observed in the samples. The inhabitants of SHF are more similar to terrestrial hot spring samples than other marine sites. It has been hypothesized that life on Earth (and elsewhere in the solar system) could have originated in an alkaline hydrothermal system, however all other studied alkaline submarine hydrothermal systems to date are fueled by serpentinization. SHF adds to our understandings of hydrothermal vents in relationship to microbial diversity, evolution, and possibly the origin of life. |
format |
Text |
author |
Twing, Katrina I. Ward, L. M. Kane, Zachary K. Sanders, Alexa Price, Roy Edward Pendleton, H. Lizethe Giovannelli, Donato Brazelton, William J. McGlynn, Shawn E. |
author_facet |
Twing, Katrina I. Ward, L. M. Kane, Zachary K. Sanders, Alexa Price, Roy Edward Pendleton, H. Lizethe Giovannelli, Donato Brazelton, William J. McGlynn, Shawn E. |
author_sort |
Twing, Katrina I. |
title |
Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland |
title_short |
Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland |
title_full |
Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland |
title_sort |
microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: strýtan hydrothermal field, eyjafördur, northern iceland |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713835/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Front Microbiol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713835/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2022 Twing, Ward, Kane, Sanders, Price, Pendleton, Giovannelli, Brazelton and McGlynn. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
13 |
_version_ |
1766038583230070784 |