Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference
Viral interference is a process where infection with one virus prevents a subsequent infection with the same or a different virus. This is believed to limit superinfection, promote viral genome stability, and protect the host from overwhelming infection. Mechanisms of viral interference have been ex...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9621750 2023-05-15T15:32:50+02:00 Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference Aamelfot, Maria Fosse, Johanna Hol Viljugrein, Hildegunn Ploss, Frieda Betty Benestad, Sylvie L. McBeath, Alastair Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb Garver, Kyle Falk, Knut 2022-10-14 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9621750/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36240255 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010905 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9621750/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36240255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010905 © 2022 Aamelfot et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY PLoS Pathog Research Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010905 2022-11-06T02:00:30Z Viral interference is a process where infection with one virus prevents a subsequent infection with the same or a different virus. This is believed to limit superinfection, promote viral genome stability, and protect the host from overwhelming infection. Mechanisms of viral interference have been extensively studied in plants, but remain poorly understood in vertebrates. We demonstrate that infection with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) strongly reduces homologous viral attachment to the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. vascular surface. A generalised loss of ISAV binding was observed after infection with both high-virulent and low-virulent ISAV isolates, but with different kinetics. The loss of ISAV binding was accompanied by an increased susceptibility to sialidase, suggesting a loss of the vascular 4-O-sialyl-acetylation that mediates ISAV attachment and simultaneously protects the sialic acid from cleavage. Moreover, the ISAV binding capacity of cultured cells dramatically declined 3 days after ISAV infection, accompanied by reduced cellular permissiveness to infection with a second antigenically distinct isolate. In contrast, neither infection with infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus nor stimulation with the viral mimetic poly I:C restricted subsequent cellular ISAV attachment, revealing an ISAV-specific mechanism rather than a general cellular antiviral response. Our study demonstrates homologous ISAV attachment interference by de-acetylation of sialic acids on the vascular surface. This is the first time the kinetics of viral receptor destruction have been mapped throughout the full course of an infection, and the first report of homologous attachment interference by the loss of a vascular viral receptor. Little is known about the biological functions of vascular O-sialyl-acetylation. Our findings raise the question of whether this vascular surface modulation could be linked to the breakdown of central vascular functions that characterises infectious salmon anaemia. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) PLOS Pathogens 18 10 e1010905 |
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Research Article |
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Research Article Aamelfot, Maria Fosse, Johanna Hol Viljugrein, Hildegunn Ploss, Frieda Betty Benestad, Sylvie L. McBeath, Alastair Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb Garver, Kyle Falk, Knut Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
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Research Article |
description |
Viral interference is a process where infection with one virus prevents a subsequent infection with the same or a different virus. This is believed to limit superinfection, promote viral genome stability, and protect the host from overwhelming infection. Mechanisms of viral interference have been extensively studied in plants, but remain poorly understood in vertebrates. We demonstrate that infection with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) strongly reduces homologous viral attachment to the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. vascular surface. A generalised loss of ISAV binding was observed after infection with both high-virulent and low-virulent ISAV isolates, but with different kinetics. The loss of ISAV binding was accompanied by an increased susceptibility to sialidase, suggesting a loss of the vascular 4-O-sialyl-acetylation that mediates ISAV attachment and simultaneously protects the sialic acid from cleavage. Moreover, the ISAV binding capacity of cultured cells dramatically declined 3 days after ISAV infection, accompanied by reduced cellular permissiveness to infection with a second antigenically distinct isolate. In contrast, neither infection with infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus nor stimulation with the viral mimetic poly I:C restricted subsequent cellular ISAV attachment, revealing an ISAV-specific mechanism rather than a general cellular antiviral response. Our study demonstrates homologous ISAV attachment interference by de-acetylation of sialic acids on the vascular surface. This is the first time the kinetics of viral receptor destruction have been mapped throughout the full course of an infection, and the first report of homologous attachment interference by the loss of a vascular viral receptor. Little is known about the biological functions of vascular O-sialyl-acetylation. Our findings raise the question of whether this vascular surface modulation could be linked to the breakdown of central vascular functions that characterises infectious salmon anaemia. |
format |
Text |
author |
Aamelfot, Maria Fosse, Johanna Hol Viljugrein, Hildegunn Ploss, Frieda Betty Benestad, Sylvie L. McBeath, Alastair Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb Garver, Kyle Falk, Knut |
author_facet |
Aamelfot, Maria Fosse, Johanna Hol Viljugrein, Hildegunn Ploss, Frieda Betty Benestad, Sylvie L. McBeath, Alastair Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb Garver, Kyle Falk, Knut |
author_sort |
Aamelfot, Maria |
title |
Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
title_short |
Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
title_full |
Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
title_fullStr |
Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
title_full_unstemmed |
Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
title_sort |
destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9621750/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36240255 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010905 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS Pathog |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9621750/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36240255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010905 |
op_rights |
© 2022 Aamelfot et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010905 |
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PLOS Pathogens |
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18 |
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10 |
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e1010905 |
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