Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen)
Arctic soils may hold potentially toxic elements (PTE); PTE can provide evidence of past or recent pollution. In this study, five soil profiles located on Oscar II Land (Kaffiøyra) were studied to (i) evaluate the ecological status of Kaffiøyra’s soils based on the determination of the possible accu...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9603001 2023-05-15T15:02:05+02:00 Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) Kowalska, Joanna Beata Nicia, Paweł Gąsiorek, Michał Zadrożny, Paweł Węgrzyn, Michał Hubert Waroszewski, Jarosław 2022-10-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603001/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603001/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 2022-10-30T01:09:16Z Arctic soils may hold potentially toxic elements (PTE); PTE can provide evidence of past or recent pollution. In this study, five soil profiles located on Oscar II Land (Kaffiøyra) were studied to (i) evaluate the ecological status of Kaffiøyra’s soils based on the determination of the possible accumulation of PTE using pollution indices; and (ii) determine the possible origin of PTE enrichment (local factors vs. long-range sources) depending on the distance from the sea. The soils were tested with standard soil science methods. The contamination of five soils was assessed by a wide spectrum of pollution soil indices: Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (I(geo)), Potential Ecological Risk (RI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Probability of Toxicity (MERMQ). EF values calculated based on Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn content indicated an anthropogenic origin of the pollution. Values of I(geo) showed the highest pollution with Cd, while CSI and MERMQ values indicated the highest Cd and Pb levels, but only in the soils located closest to the coast. RI values suggested that soils were under a strong or very strong potential ecological risk, whereas PLI confirmed the high probability of soil quality reduction. Enrichment with PTE has been conditioned by both local (natural) and long-distance (anthropogenic) factors. Among the local factors, parent material was highly relevant. The effect of long-distance anthropogenic factors, especially from European, large industrial centres, was manifested by the high content of PTE in soils located closest to the coastlines, delivered by a wet deposition and sea aerosols. The monitoring and assessment of arctic soil quality are useful practices for the verification of the sources of PTE pollution and the development of methods that can contribute to the protection and maintenance of these vulnerable ecosystems. Text Arctic Oscar II Land Spitsbergen PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Kaffiøyra ENVELOPE(12.002,12.002,78.627,78.627) Oscar II ENVELOPE(-62.500,-62.500,-65.750,-65.750) Oscar II Land ENVELOPE(13.299,13.299,78.441,78.441) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 20 13703 |
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Article Kowalska, Joanna Beata Nicia, Paweł Gąsiorek, Michał Zadrożny, Paweł Węgrzyn, Michał Hubert Waroszewski, Jarosław Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
topic_facet |
Article |
description |
Arctic soils may hold potentially toxic elements (PTE); PTE can provide evidence of past or recent pollution. In this study, five soil profiles located on Oscar II Land (Kaffiøyra) were studied to (i) evaluate the ecological status of Kaffiøyra’s soils based on the determination of the possible accumulation of PTE using pollution indices; and (ii) determine the possible origin of PTE enrichment (local factors vs. long-range sources) depending on the distance from the sea. The soils were tested with standard soil science methods. The contamination of five soils was assessed by a wide spectrum of pollution soil indices: Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (I(geo)), Potential Ecological Risk (RI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Probability of Toxicity (MERMQ). EF values calculated based on Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn content indicated an anthropogenic origin of the pollution. Values of I(geo) showed the highest pollution with Cd, while CSI and MERMQ values indicated the highest Cd and Pb levels, but only in the soils located closest to the coast. RI values suggested that soils were under a strong or very strong potential ecological risk, whereas PLI confirmed the high probability of soil quality reduction. Enrichment with PTE has been conditioned by both local (natural) and long-distance (anthropogenic) factors. Among the local factors, parent material was highly relevant. The effect of long-distance anthropogenic factors, especially from European, large industrial centres, was manifested by the high content of PTE in soils located closest to the coastlines, delivered by a wet deposition and sea aerosols. The monitoring and assessment of arctic soil quality are useful practices for the verification of the sources of PTE pollution and the development of methods that can contribute to the protection and maintenance of these vulnerable ecosystems. |
format |
Text |
author |
Kowalska, Joanna Beata Nicia, Paweł Gąsiorek, Michał Zadrożny, Paweł Węgrzyn, Michał Hubert Waroszewski, Jarosław |
author_facet |
Kowalska, Joanna Beata Nicia, Paweł Gąsiorek, Michał Zadrożny, Paweł Węgrzyn, Michał Hubert Waroszewski, Jarosław |
author_sort |
Kowalska, Joanna Beata |
title |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_short |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_full |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_fullStr |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_sort |
are natural or anthropogenic factors influencing potentially toxic elements’ enrichment in soils in proglacial zones? an example from kaffiøyra (oscar ii land, spitsbergen) |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603001/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.002,12.002,78.627,78.627) ENVELOPE(-62.500,-62.500,-65.750,-65.750) ENVELOPE(13.299,13.299,78.441,78.441) |
geographic |
Arctic Kaffiøyra Oscar II Oscar II Land |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kaffiøyra Oscar II Oscar II Land |
genre |
Arctic Oscar II Land Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Oscar II Land Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603001/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 |
op_rights |
© 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 |
container_title |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
13703 |
_version_ |
1766334070824894464 |