Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020()
This paper reports trends in the input of underwater noise source energy emission from global shipping, based on bottom-up modeling of individual ships. In terms of energy, we predict the doubling of global shipping noise emissions every 11.5 years, on average, but there are large regional differenc...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9489924 2023-05-15T15:06:18+02:00 Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Johansson, Lasse Andersson, Mathias H. Majamäki, Elisa Sigray, Peter 2022-10-15 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489924/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35964791 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766 en eng Elsevier Applied Science Publishers http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489924/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35964791 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766 © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Environ Pollut Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766 2022-10-23T00:32:05Z This paper reports trends in the input of underwater noise source energy emission from global shipping, based on bottom-up modeling of individual ships. In terms of energy, we predict the doubling of global shipping noise emissions every 11.5 years, on average, but there are large regional differences. Shipping noise emissions increase rapidly in Arctic areas and the Norwegian Sea. The largest contributors are the containerships, dry bulk and liquid tanker vessels which emit 75% of the underwater shipping noise source energy. The COVID-19 pandemic changed vessel traffic patterns and our modeling indicates a reduction of −6% in global shipping noise source energy in the 63 Hz ⅓ octave band. This reduction was largest in the Greenland Sea, the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia as well as the Gulf of California, temporarily disrupting the increasing pre-pandemic noise emission trend. However, in some sea areas, such as the Indian Ocean, Yellow Sea and Eastern China Sea the emitted noise source energy was only slightly reduced. In global scale, COVID-19 pandemic reduced the underwater shipping noise emissions close to 2017 levels, but it is expected that the increasing trend of underwater noise emissions will continue when the global economy recovers. Text Arctic Greenland Greenland Sea Norwegian Sea Alaska PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Coastal Waters Of Southeast Alaska ENVELOPE(-130.913,-130.913,52.829,52.829) Greenland Indian Norwegian Sea Environmental Pollution 311 119766 |
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English |
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Article Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Johansson, Lasse Andersson, Mathias H. Majamäki, Elisa Sigray, Peter Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
topic_facet |
Article |
description |
This paper reports trends in the input of underwater noise source energy emission from global shipping, based on bottom-up modeling of individual ships. In terms of energy, we predict the doubling of global shipping noise emissions every 11.5 years, on average, but there are large regional differences. Shipping noise emissions increase rapidly in Arctic areas and the Norwegian Sea. The largest contributors are the containerships, dry bulk and liquid tanker vessels which emit 75% of the underwater shipping noise source energy. The COVID-19 pandemic changed vessel traffic patterns and our modeling indicates a reduction of −6% in global shipping noise source energy in the 63 Hz ⅓ octave band. This reduction was largest in the Greenland Sea, the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia as well as the Gulf of California, temporarily disrupting the increasing pre-pandemic noise emission trend. However, in some sea areas, such as the Indian Ocean, Yellow Sea and Eastern China Sea the emitted noise source energy was only slightly reduced. In global scale, COVID-19 pandemic reduced the underwater shipping noise emissions close to 2017 levels, but it is expected that the increasing trend of underwater noise emissions will continue when the global economy recovers. |
format |
Text |
author |
Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Johansson, Lasse Andersson, Mathias H. Majamäki, Elisa Sigray, Peter |
author_facet |
Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Johansson, Lasse Andersson, Mathias H. Majamäki, Elisa Sigray, Peter |
author_sort |
Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka |
title |
Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
title_short |
Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
title_full |
Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
title_fullStr |
Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
title_full_unstemmed |
Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
title_sort |
underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014–2020() |
publisher |
Elsevier Applied Science Publishers |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489924/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35964791 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-130.913,-130.913,52.829,52.829) |
geographic |
Arctic Coastal Waters Of Southeast Alaska Greenland Indian Norwegian Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Coastal Waters Of Southeast Alaska Greenland Indian Norwegian Sea |
genre |
Arctic Greenland Greenland Sea Norwegian Sea Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland Greenland Sea Norwegian Sea Alaska |
op_source |
Environ Pollut |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489924/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35964791 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766 |
op_rights |
© 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766 |
container_title |
Environmental Pollution |
container_volume |
311 |
container_start_page |
119766 |
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