Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation
The wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis is a recently described species of the golden chanterelles found in eastern North America. At present, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. enelensis are not known. In this study, we analyzed a total of 230 fruiting bodies of C. enelens...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9319088 2023-05-15T17:22:48+02:00 Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation Zhao, Kuan Korfanty, Gregory A. Xu, Jianping Thorn, R. Greg 2022-06-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319088/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885893 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319088/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Genes (Basel) Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 2022-07-31T03:06:20Z The wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis is a recently described species of the golden chanterelles found in eastern North America. At present, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. enelensis are not known. In this study, we analyzed a total of 230 fruiting bodies of C. enelensis that were collected from three regions of Canada: near the east and west coasts of Newfoundland (NFLD), with 110 fruiting bodies each, and around Hamilton, Ontario (10 fruiting bodies). Among the 110 fruiting bodies from each coast in NFLD, 10 from 2009 were without specific site information, while 100 sampled in 2010 were from each of five patches separated by at least 100 m from each other. Each fruiting body was genotyped at three microsatellite loci. Among the total 28 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified, 2 were shared among all three regions, 4 were shared between 2 of the 3 regions, and the remaining 22 were each found in only 1 region. Minimal spanning network analyses revealed several region-specific MLG clusters, consistent with geographic specific mutation and expansion. Though the most frequently observed MLGs were shared among local (patch) and regional populations, population genetic analyses revealed that both local and regional geographic separations contributed significantly to the observed genetic variation in the total sample. All three regional populations showed excess heterozygosity; for the eastern NFLD population, we reject the null hypothesis of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at all three loci. However, the analyses of clone-corrected samples revealed that most loci were in HWE. Together, our results suggest that the three discrete regional populations of C. enelensis were likely colonized from a common refugium since the last ice age. However, the local and regional populations are diverging from each other through mutation, drift, and selection at least partly due to heterozygous advantage. Text Newfoundland PubMed Central (PMC) Canada Genes 13 7 1110 |
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Article Zhao, Kuan Korfanty, Gregory A. Xu, Jianping Thorn, R. Greg Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
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The wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis is a recently described species of the golden chanterelles found in eastern North America. At present, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. enelensis are not known. In this study, we analyzed a total of 230 fruiting bodies of C. enelensis that were collected from three regions of Canada: near the east and west coasts of Newfoundland (NFLD), with 110 fruiting bodies each, and around Hamilton, Ontario (10 fruiting bodies). Among the 110 fruiting bodies from each coast in NFLD, 10 from 2009 were without specific site information, while 100 sampled in 2010 were from each of five patches separated by at least 100 m from each other. Each fruiting body was genotyped at three microsatellite loci. Among the total 28 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified, 2 were shared among all three regions, 4 were shared between 2 of the 3 regions, and the remaining 22 were each found in only 1 region. Minimal spanning network analyses revealed several region-specific MLG clusters, consistent with geographic specific mutation and expansion. Though the most frequently observed MLGs were shared among local (patch) and regional populations, population genetic analyses revealed that both local and regional geographic separations contributed significantly to the observed genetic variation in the total sample. All three regional populations showed excess heterozygosity; for the eastern NFLD population, we reject the null hypothesis of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at all three loci. However, the analyses of clone-corrected samples revealed that most loci were in HWE. Together, our results suggest that the three discrete regional populations of C. enelensis were likely colonized from a common refugium since the last ice age. However, the local and regional populations are diverging from each other through mutation, drift, and selection at least partly due to heterozygous advantage. |
format |
Text |
author |
Zhao, Kuan Korfanty, Gregory A. Xu, Jianping Thorn, R. Greg |
author_facet |
Zhao, Kuan Korfanty, Gregory A. Xu, Jianping Thorn, R. Greg |
author_sort |
Zhao, Kuan |
title |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_short |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_full |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_fullStr |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_sort |
genetic analyses of discrete geographic samples of a golden chanterelle in canada reveal evidence for recent regional differentiation |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319088/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885893 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 |
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Canada |
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Newfoundland |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319088/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 |
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© 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 |
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