Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study
BACKGROUND: Raynaud’s phenomenon is common condition, but little is known about the natural course. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, remission, and persistence proportions of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden. Secondary aims were to determ...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9301854 2023-05-15T17:44:18+02:00 Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study Stjernbrandt, Albin Pettersson, Hans Lundström, Ronnie Liljelind, Ingrid Nilsson, Tohr Wahlström, Jens 2022-07-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301854/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35858907 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0 en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301854/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35858907 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0 © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. CC0 PDM CC-BY BMC Rheumatol Research Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0 2022-07-31T02:25:55Z BACKGROUND: Raynaud’s phenomenon is common condition, but little is known about the natural course. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, remission, and persistence proportions of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden. Secondary aims were to determine how individual and exposure factors affect the course of Raynaud’s phenomenon, and to assess gender differences. METHODS: A prospective, survey-based, closed-cohort study was conducted on a sample of men and women between 18–70 years of age, living in northern Sweden. Data on Raynaud’s phenomenon characteristics and general health status were collected during the winters of 2015 (baseline) and 2021 (follow-up). Rates of incidence, remission, and persistence were calculated. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between baseline variables and the course of Raynaud’s phenomenon. Results: The study population consisted of 2703 women (53.9%) and 2314 men. There were 390 women (14.5%) and 290 men (12.7%) reporting Raynaud’s phenomenon in the follow-up survey. The annual incidence proportion was 0.7% among women and 0.9% among men (gender difference p = 0.04). The annual remission proportion was 4.4% and 5.5%, respectively (p = 0.05). Having sustained a cold injury affecting the hands since baseline was significantly associated with incident Raynaud’s phenomenon (OR 3.92; 95% CI 2.60–5.90), after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS: In the general population of northern Sweden, Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common but variable condition, where symptoms may remit over time. Men had a higher incidence proportion than women. The results support a possible causal pathway where cold injury can precede the onset of Raynaud’s phenomenon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0. Text Northern Sweden PubMed Central (PMC) BMC Rheumatology 6 1 |
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Research Stjernbrandt, Albin Pettersson, Hans Lundström, Ronnie Liljelind, Ingrid Nilsson, Tohr Wahlström, Jens Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study |
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Research |
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BACKGROUND: Raynaud’s phenomenon is common condition, but little is known about the natural course. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, remission, and persistence proportions of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden. Secondary aims were to determine how individual and exposure factors affect the course of Raynaud’s phenomenon, and to assess gender differences. METHODS: A prospective, survey-based, closed-cohort study was conducted on a sample of men and women between 18–70 years of age, living in northern Sweden. Data on Raynaud’s phenomenon characteristics and general health status were collected during the winters of 2015 (baseline) and 2021 (follow-up). Rates of incidence, remission, and persistence were calculated. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between baseline variables and the course of Raynaud’s phenomenon. Results: The study population consisted of 2703 women (53.9%) and 2314 men. There were 390 women (14.5%) and 290 men (12.7%) reporting Raynaud’s phenomenon in the follow-up survey. The annual incidence proportion was 0.7% among women and 0.9% among men (gender difference p = 0.04). The annual remission proportion was 4.4% and 5.5%, respectively (p = 0.05). Having sustained a cold injury affecting the hands since baseline was significantly associated with incident Raynaud’s phenomenon (OR 3.92; 95% CI 2.60–5.90), after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS: In the general population of northern Sweden, Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common but variable condition, where symptoms may remit over time. Men had a higher incidence proportion than women. The results support a possible causal pathway where cold injury can precede the onset of Raynaud’s phenomenon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0. |
format |
Text |
author |
Stjernbrandt, Albin Pettersson, Hans Lundström, Ronnie Liljelind, Ingrid Nilsson, Tohr Wahlström, Jens |
author_facet |
Stjernbrandt, Albin Pettersson, Hans Lundström, Ronnie Liljelind, Ingrid Nilsson, Tohr Wahlström, Jens |
author_sort |
Stjernbrandt, Albin |
title |
Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study |
title_short |
Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study |
title_full |
Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study |
title_fullStr |
Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Incidence, remission, and persistence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern Sweden: a prospective study |
title_sort |
incidence, remission, and persistence of raynaud’s phenomenon in the general population of northern sweden: a prospective study |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301854/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35858907 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0 |
genre |
Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Northern Sweden |
op_source |
BMC Rheumatol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301854/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35858907 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
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CC0 PDM CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-022-00272-0 |
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BMC Rheumatology |
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