Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics
The morphology of the skull contains considerable ecological information about a species, because the skull contains sensory organs that are used to look for food, compete for mates, or to migrate. Spotted seals (Phoca largha) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are similar in body size and pelage col...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290137/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34331474 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9290137 2023-05-15T16:33:06+02:00 Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics Arai, Yuichi Kanaiwa, Minoru Kato, Mio Kobayashi, Mari 2021-07-31 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290137/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34331474 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 en eng John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290137/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34331474 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Morphology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. CC-BY-NC-ND J Morphol Research Articles Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 2022-07-31T01:54:06Z The morphology of the skull contains considerable ecological information about a species, because the skull contains sensory organs that are used to look for food, compete for mates, or to migrate. Spotted seals (Phoca largha) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are similar in body size and pelage color but differ in habitat use and reproductive biology. The current study aims to clarify differences in the shapes of skulls in the spotted and harbor seals using geometric morphometrics and to discuss whether ecological differences can explain morphological differences in skulls. First, we discovered that the age at which the shape of skulls stopped changing was 7 years in both species, using the linear‐threshold model. Using a total of 75 landmarks, 54 individuals (25 spotted seals, 29 harbor seals) that were older than the age at which skulls stopped changing were correctly identified at a rate of 100%. The total of 75 landmarks was narrowed down to eight key landmarks that resulted in an identification accuracy rate of 100% using random forests. Of the eight landmarks, seven were related to feeding apparatus, indicated that the harbor seal had a broader mouth and mandible than the spotted seal. Because of both species were dietary generalists and classified as pierce feeders, we suggested that the different features in the shapes of their skulls were caused not only by differences in their feeding behavior but also other differences related to reproductive behavior. Text harbor seal Phoca vitulina PubMed Central (PMC) Journal of Morphology 282 10 1455 1465 |
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Research Articles Arai, Yuichi Kanaiwa, Minoru Kato, Mio Kobayashi, Mari Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
topic_facet |
Research Articles |
description |
The morphology of the skull contains considerable ecological information about a species, because the skull contains sensory organs that are used to look for food, compete for mates, or to migrate. Spotted seals (Phoca largha) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are similar in body size and pelage color but differ in habitat use and reproductive biology. The current study aims to clarify differences in the shapes of skulls in the spotted and harbor seals using geometric morphometrics and to discuss whether ecological differences can explain morphological differences in skulls. First, we discovered that the age at which the shape of skulls stopped changing was 7 years in both species, using the linear‐threshold model. Using a total of 75 landmarks, 54 individuals (25 spotted seals, 29 harbor seals) that were older than the age at which skulls stopped changing were correctly identified at a rate of 100%. The total of 75 landmarks was narrowed down to eight key landmarks that resulted in an identification accuracy rate of 100% using random forests. Of the eight landmarks, seven were related to feeding apparatus, indicated that the harbor seal had a broader mouth and mandible than the spotted seal. Because of both species were dietary generalists and classified as pierce feeders, we suggested that the different features in the shapes of their skulls were caused not only by differences in their feeding behavior but also other differences related to reproductive behavior. |
format |
Text |
author |
Arai, Yuichi Kanaiwa, Minoru Kato, Mio Kobayashi, Mari |
author_facet |
Arai, Yuichi Kanaiwa, Minoru Kato, Mio Kobayashi, Mari |
author_sort |
Arai, Yuichi |
title |
Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
title_short |
Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
title_full |
Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
title_fullStr |
Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
title_sort |
morphological identification in skull between spotted seal and harbor seal using geometric morphometrics |
publisher |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290137/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34331474 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 |
genre |
harbor seal Phoca vitulina |
genre_facet |
harbor seal Phoca vitulina |
op_source |
J Morphol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290137/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34331474 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 |
op_rights |
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Morphology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21397 |
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Journal of Morphology |
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282 |
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10 |
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1455 |
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1465 |
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1766022818512764928 |