Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole
The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are found to be very low in remote marine location...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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2022
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9285974 2023-05-15T15:08:35+02:00 Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. 2022-03-17 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 © 2022. The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY J Geophys Res Atmos Research Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 2022-07-31T01:42:35Z The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are found to be very low in remote marine locations allowing cloud water to persist in a supercooled state. We had expected the concentrations of INPs at the North Pole to be very low given the distance from open ocean and terrestrial sources coupled with effective wet scavenging processes. Here we show that during summer 2018 (August and September) high concentrations of biological INPs (active at >−20°C) were sporadically present at the North Pole. In fact, INP concentrations were sometimes as high as those recorded at mid‐latitude locations strongly impacted by highly active biological INPs, in strong contrast to the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, using a balloon borne sampler we demonstrated that INP concentrations were often different at the surface versus higher in the boundary layer where clouds form. Back trajectory analysis suggests strong sources of INPs near the Russian coast, possibly associated with wind‐driven sea spray production, whereas the pack ice, open leads, and the marginal ice zone were not sources of highly active INPs. These findings suggest that primary ice production, and therefore Arctic climate, is sensitive to transport from locations such as the Russian coast that are already experiencing marked climate change. Text Arctic Climate change North Pole Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic North Pole Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127 6 |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Research Article |
spellingShingle |
Research Article Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are found to be very low in remote marine locations allowing cloud water to persist in a supercooled state. We had expected the concentrations of INPs at the North Pole to be very low given the distance from open ocean and terrestrial sources coupled with effective wet scavenging processes. Here we show that during summer 2018 (August and September) high concentrations of biological INPs (active at >−20°C) were sporadically present at the North Pole. In fact, INP concentrations were sometimes as high as those recorded at mid‐latitude locations strongly impacted by highly active biological INPs, in strong contrast to the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, using a balloon borne sampler we demonstrated that INP concentrations were often different at the surface versus higher in the boundary layer where clouds form. Back trajectory analysis suggests strong sources of INPs near the Russian coast, possibly associated with wind‐driven sea spray production, whereas the pack ice, open leads, and the marginal ice zone were not sources of highly active INPs. These findings suggest that primary ice production, and therefore Arctic climate, is sensitive to transport from locations such as the Russian coast that are already experiencing marked climate change. |
format |
Text |
author |
Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. |
author_facet |
Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. |
author_sort |
Porter, Grace C. E. |
title |
Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_short |
Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_full |
Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_fullStr |
Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_full_unstemmed |
Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_sort |
highly active ice‐nucleating particles at the summer north pole |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 |
geographic |
Arctic North Pole Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic North Pole Southern Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Climate change North Pole Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change North Pole Southern Ocean |
op_source |
J Geophys Res Atmos |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 |
op_rights |
© 2022. The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
127 |
container_issue |
6 |
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1766339911956299776 |