The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility
Sea ice levies an impost on maritime navigability in the Arctic, but ice cover diminution due to anthropogenic climate change is generating expectations for improved accessibility in coming decades. Projections of sea ice cover retreating preferentially from the eastern Arctic suggest key provisions...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9245659 2023-05-15T14:42:11+02:00 The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility Lynch, Amanda H. Norchi, Charles H. Li, Xueke 2022-06-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245659/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35727968 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202720119 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245659/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35727968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202720119 Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . CC-BY-NC-ND Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Physical Sciences Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202720119 2022-07-03T01:11:21Z Sea ice levies an impost on maritime navigability in the Arctic, but ice cover diminution due to anthropogenic climate change is generating expectations for improved accessibility in coming decades. Projections of sea ice cover retreating preferentially from the eastern Arctic suggest key provisions of international law of the sea will require revision. Specifically, protections against marine pollution in ice-covered seas enshrined in Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea have been used in recent decades to extend jurisdictional competence over the Northern Sea Route only loosely associated with environmental outcomes. Projections show that plausible open water routes through international waters may be accessible by midcentury under all but the most aggressive of emissions control scenarios. While inter- and intraannual variability places the economic viability of these routes in question for some time, the inevitability of a seasonally ice-free Arctic will be attended by a reduction of regulatory friction and a recalibration of associated legal frameworks. Text Arctic Climate change Law of the Sea Northern Sea Route Sea ice PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 26 |
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English |
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Physical Sciences |
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Physical Sciences Lynch, Amanda H. Norchi, Charles H. Li, Xueke The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility |
topic_facet |
Physical Sciences |
description |
Sea ice levies an impost on maritime navigability in the Arctic, but ice cover diminution due to anthropogenic climate change is generating expectations for improved accessibility in coming decades. Projections of sea ice cover retreating preferentially from the eastern Arctic suggest key provisions of international law of the sea will require revision. Specifically, protections against marine pollution in ice-covered seas enshrined in Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea have been used in recent decades to extend jurisdictional competence over the Northern Sea Route only loosely associated with environmental outcomes. Projections show that plausible open water routes through international waters may be accessible by midcentury under all but the most aggressive of emissions control scenarios. While inter- and intraannual variability places the economic viability of these routes in question for some time, the inevitability of a seasonally ice-free Arctic will be attended by a reduction of regulatory friction and a recalibration of associated legal frameworks. |
format |
Text |
author |
Lynch, Amanda H. Norchi, Charles H. Li, Xueke |
author_facet |
Lynch, Amanda H. Norchi, Charles H. Li, Xueke |
author_sort |
Lynch, Amanda H. |
title |
The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility |
title_short |
The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility |
title_full |
The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility |
title_fullStr |
The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility |
title_full_unstemmed |
The interaction of ice and law in Arctic marine accessibility |
title_sort |
interaction of ice and law in arctic marine accessibility |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245659/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35727968 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202720119 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Law of the Sea Northern Sea Route Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Law of the Sea Northern Sea Route Sea ice |
op_source |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245659/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35727968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202720119 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202720119 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
119 |
container_issue |
26 |
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1766313889280032768 |