On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment
The Bering Sea experiences a seasonal sea ice cover, which is important to the biophysical environment found there. A pool of cold bottom water (<2°C) is formed on the shelf each winter as a result of cooling and vertical mixing due to brine rejection during the predominately local sea ice growth...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8979450 2023-05-15T15:02:06+02:00 On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment Clement Kinney, Jaclyn Maslowski, Wieslaw Osinski, Robert Lee, Younjoo J. Goethel, Christina Frey, Karen Craig, Anthony 2022-04-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8979450/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35377921 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266180 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8979450/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35377921 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266180 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. CC0 PDM PLoS One Research Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266180 2022-04-10T00:40:46Z The Bering Sea experiences a seasonal sea ice cover, which is important to the biophysical environment found there. A pool of cold bottom water (<2°C) is formed on the shelf each winter as a result of cooling and vertical mixing due to brine rejection during the predominately local sea ice growth. The extent and distribution of this Cold Pool (CP) is largely controlled by the winter extent of sea ice in the Bering Sea, which can vary considerably and recently has been much lower than average. The cold bottom water of the CP is important for food security because it delineates the boundary between arctic and subarctic demersal fish species. A northward retreat of the CP will likely be associated with migration of subarctic species toward the Chukchi Sea. We use the fully-coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) to examine variability of the extent and distribution of the CP and its relation to change in the sea ice cover in the Bering Sea during the period 1980–2018. RASM results confirm the direct correlation between the extent of sea ice and the CP and show a smaller CP as a consequence of realistically simulated recent declines of the sea ice cover in the Bering Sea. In fact, the area of the CP was found to be only 31% of the long-term mean in July of 2018. In addition, we also find that a low ice year is followed by a later diatom bloom, while a heavy ice year is followed by an early diatom bloom. Finally, the RASM probabilistic intra-annual forecast capability is reviewed, based on 31-member ensembles for 2019–2021, for its potential use for prediction of the winter sea ice cover and the subsequent summer CP area in the Bering Sea. Text Arctic Bering Sea Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice Subarctic PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Bering Sea Chukchi Sea PLOS ONE 17 4 e0266180 |
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Research Article |
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Research Article Clement Kinney, Jaclyn Maslowski, Wieslaw Osinski, Robert Lee, Younjoo J. Goethel, Christina Frey, Karen Craig, Anthony On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
The Bering Sea experiences a seasonal sea ice cover, which is important to the biophysical environment found there. A pool of cold bottom water (<2°C) is formed on the shelf each winter as a result of cooling and vertical mixing due to brine rejection during the predominately local sea ice growth. The extent and distribution of this Cold Pool (CP) is largely controlled by the winter extent of sea ice in the Bering Sea, which can vary considerably and recently has been much lower than average. The cold bottom water of the CP is important for food security because it delineates the boundary between arctic and subarctic demersal fish species. A northward retreat of the CP will likely be associated with migration of subarctic species toward the Chukchi Sea. We use the fully-coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) to examine variability of the extent and distribution of the CP and its relation to change in the sea ice cover in the Bering Sea during the period 1980–2018. RASM results confirm the direct correlation between the extent of sea ice and the CP and show a smaller CP as a consequence of realistically simulated recent declines of the sea ice cover in the Bering Sea. In fact, the area of the CP was found to be only 31% of the long-term mean in July of 2018. In addition, we also find that a low ice year is followed by a later diatom bloom, while a heavy ice year is followed by an early diatom bloom. Finally, the RASM probabilistic intra-annual forecast capability is reviewed, based on 31-member ensembles for 2019–2021, for its potential use for prediction of the winter sea ice cover and the subsequent summer CP area in the Bering Sea. |
format |
Text |
author |
Clement Kinney, Jaclyn Maslowski, Wieslaw Osinski, Robert Lee, Younjoo J. Goethel, Christina Frey, Karen Craig, Anthony |
author_facet |
Clement Kinney, Jaclyn Maslowski, Wieslaw Osinski, Robert Lee, Younjoo J. Goethel, Christina Frey, Karen Craig, Anthony |
author_sort |
Clement Kinney, Jaclyn |
title |
On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
title_short |
On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
title_full |
On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
title_fullStr |
On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the variability of the Bering Sea Cold Pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
title_sort |
on the variability of the bering sea cold pool and implications for the biophysical environment |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8979450/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35377921 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266180 |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Sea Chukchi Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Chukchi Sea |
genre |
Arctic Bering Sea Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice Subarctic |
op_source |
PLoS One |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8979450/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35377921 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266180 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
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CC0 PDM |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266180 |
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PLOS ONE |
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17 |
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4 |
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e0266180 |
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