Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach
BACKGROUND: Every year, millions of children undergo medical procedures that require anesthesia. Fear and anxiety are common among young children undergoing such procedures and can interfere with the child’s recovery and well-being. Relaxation, distraction, and education are methods that can be used...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8814931 2023-05-15T16:52:10+02:00 Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach Ingadottir, Brynja Laitonen, Elina Stefansdottir, Adalheidur Sigurdardottir, Anna Olafia Brynjolfsdottir, Berglind Parisod, Heidi Nyman, Johanna Gunnarsdottir, Karitas Jónsdóttir, Katrín Salanterä, Sanna Pakarinen, Anni 2022-01-20 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8814931/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049507 https://doi.org/10.2196/31471 en eng JMIR Publications http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8814931/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049507 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31471 ©Brynja Ingadottir, Elina Laitonen, Adalheidur Stefansdottir, Anna Olafia Sigurdardottir, Berglind Brynjolfsdottir, Heidi Parisod, Johanna Nyman, Karitas Gunnarsdottir, Katrín Jónsdóttir, Sanna Salanterä, Anni Pakarinen. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (https://games.jmir.org), 20.01.2022. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Serious Games, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://games.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. CC-BY JMIR Serious Games Original Paper Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.2196/31471 2022-02-13T01:37:20Z BACKGROUND: Every year, millions of children undergo medical procedures that require anesthesia. Fear and anxiety are common among young children undergoing such procedures and can interfere with the child’s recovery and well-being. Relaxation, distraction, and education are methods that can be used to prepare children and help them cope with fear and anxiety, and serious games may be a suitable medium for these purposes. User-centered design emphasizes the involvement of end users during the development and testing of products, but involving young, preschool children may be challenging. OBJECTIVE: One objective of this study was to describe the development and usability of a computer-based educational health game intended for preschool children to prepare them for upcoming anesthesia. A further objective was to describe the lessons learned from using a child-centered approach with the young target group. METHODS: A formative mixed methods child (user)-centered study design was used to develop and test the usability of the game. Preschool children (4-6 years old) informed the game design through playful workshops (n=26), and usability testing was conducted through game-playing and interviews (n=16). Data were collected in Iceland and Finland with video-recorded direct observation and interviews, as well as children’s drawings, and analyzed with content analysis and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The children shared their knowledge and ideas about hospitals, different emotions, and their preferences concerning game elements. Testing revealed the high usability of the game and provided important information that was used to modify the game before publishing and that will be used in its further development. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children can inform game design through playful workshops about health-related subjects that they are not necessarily familiar with but that are relevant for them. The game’s usability was improved with the participation of the target group, and the game is now ready for clinical testing. Text Iceland PubMed Central (PMC) JMIR Serious Games 10 1 e31471 |
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Original Paper Ingadottir, Brynja Laitonen, Elina Stefansdottir, Adalheidur Sigurdardottir, Anna Olafia Brynjolfsdottir, Berglind Parisod, Heidi Nyman, Johanna Gunnarsdottir, Karitas Jónsdóttir, Katrín Salanterä, Sanna Pakarinen, Anni Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach |
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Original Paper |
description |
BACKGROUND: Every year, millions of children undergo medical procedures that require anesthesia. Fear and anxiety are common among young children undergoing such procedures and can interfere with the child’s recovery and well-being. Relaxation, distraction, and education are methods that can be used to prepare children and help them cope with fear and anxiety, and serious games may be a suitable medium for these purposes. User-centered design emphasizes the involvement of end users during the development and testing of products, but involving young, preschool children may be challenging. OBJECTIVE: One objective of this study was to describe the development and usability of a computer-based educational health game intended for preschool children to prepare them for upcoming anesthesia. A further objective was to describe the lessons learned from using a child-centered approach with the young target group. METHODS: A formative mixed methods child (user)-centered study design was used to develop and test the usability of the game. Preschool children (4-6 years old) informed the game design through playful workshops (n=26), and usability testing was conducted through game-playing and interviews (n=16). Data were collected in Iceland and Finland with video-recorded direct observation and interviews, as well as children’s drawings, and analyzed with content analysis and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The children shared their knowledge and ideas about hospitals, different emotions, and their preferences concerning game elements. Testing revealed the high usability of the game and provided important information that was used to modify the game before publishing and that will be used in its further development. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children can inform game design through playful workshops about health-related subjects that they are not necessarily familiar with but that are relevant for them. The game’s usability was improved with the participation of the target group, and the game is now ready for clinical testing. |
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Text |
author |
Ingadottir, Brynja Laitonen, Elina Stefansdottir, Adalheidur Sigurdardottir, Anna Olafia Brynjolfsdottir, Berglind Parisod, Heidi Nyman, Johanna Gunnarsdottir, Karitas Jónsdóttir, Katrín Salanterä, Sanna Pakarinen, Anni |
author_facet |
Ingadottir, Brynja Laitonen, Elina Stefansdottir, Adalheidur Sigurdardottir, Anna Olafia Brynjolfsdottir, Berglind Parisod, Heidi Nyman, Johanna Gunnarsdottir, Karitas Jónsdóttir, Katrín Salanterä, Sanna Pakarinen, Anni |
author_sort |
Ingadottir, Brynja |
title |
Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach |
title_short |
Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach |
title_full |
Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach |
title_fullStr |
Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach |
title_sort |
developing a health game to prepare preschool children for anesthesia: formative study using a child-centered approach |
publisher |
JMIR Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8814931/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049507 https://doi.org/10.2196/31471 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
JMIR Serious Games |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8814931/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049507 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31471 |
op_rights |
©Brynja Ingadottir, Elina Laitonen, Adalheidur Stefansdottir, Anna Olafia Sigurdardottir, Berglind Brynjolfsdottir, Heidi Parisod, Johanna Nyman, Karitas Gunnarsdottir, Katrín Jónsdóttir, Sanna Salanterä, Anni Pakarinen. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (https://games.jmir.org), 20.01.2022. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Serious Games, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://games.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2196/31471 |
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