Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea)
The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) is an endangered and declining otariid species, with a high rate of pup mortality associated with endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection a suspected contributor to this decline. Injected ivermectin is an effective treatment for Uncinaria sp. in ot...
Published in: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633868/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34877253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8633868 2023-05-15T14:04:12+02:00 Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) Lindsay, Scott A. Caraguel, Charles G.B. Gray, Rachael 2021-11-23 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633868/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34877253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 en eng Elsevier http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633868/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34877253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). CC-BY-NC-ND Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 2021-12-12T01:30:39Z The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) is an endangered and declining otariid species, with a high rate of pup mortality associated with endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection a suspected contributor to this decline. Injected ivermectin is an effective treatment for Uncinaria sp. in otariids, with optimal outcomes achieved by the early treatment of pups prior to disease development. This randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the novel use of a topical ivermectin formulation against hookworm infection and lice (Antarctophthirus microchir) infestation, in comparison with injected ivermectin. During the 2017 breeding season at Dangerous Reef, South Australia, pups ≤ 70 cm in standard length (≤ 2 weeks of age; n = 85) were randomised to single dose topical (500 μg/kg spot-on; n = 27) or injected (200 μg/kg subcutaneous; n = 29) ivermectin treatment groups, or to an untreated control group (n = 29). Topical ivermectin was highly effective for U. sanguinis elimination, and not significantly different to the injected formulation (estimated effectiveness 96.4% and 96.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). Its application resulted in an 81.6% reduction and 62.7% additional clearance for A. microchir infestation by 15–24 days post-treatment, compared with untreated control pups (also not significantly different to injected ivermectin; 83.1% and 59.4%, respectively; P > 0.05). Treatment with either ivermectin formulation significantly ameliorated increases in inflammatory markers detected in the blood of untreated control pups – peripheral blood eosinophil counts (persisting to 36–41 days post-recruitment P < 0.05) and increased plasma protein concentrations (15–24 days post-recruitment; P < 0.05). Further, an initial short-term decrease in body condition in the control group was not observed in either of the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that topical ivermectin is an effective antiparasitic treatment in N. cinerea. It offers an alternative administration method for ... Text Antarc* PubMed Central (PMC) International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 16 275 284 |
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Article Lindsay, Scott A. Caraguel, Charles G.B. Gray, Rachael Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) |
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Article |
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The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) is an endangered and declining otariid species, with a high rate of pup mortality associated with endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection a suspected contributor to this decline. Injected ivermectin is an effective treatment for Uncinaria sp. in otariids, with optimal outcomes achieved by the early treatment of pups prior to disease development. This randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the novel use of a topical ivermectin formulation against hookworm infection and lice (Antarctophthirus microchir) infestation, in comparison with injected ivermectin. During the 2017 breeding season at Dangerous Reef, South Australia, pups ≤ 70 cm in standard length (≤ 2 weeks of age; n = 85) were randomised to single dose topical (500 μg/kg spot-on; n = 27) or injected (200 μg/kg subcutaneous; n = 29) ivermectin treatment groups, or to an untreated control group (n = 29). Topical ivermectin was highly effective for U. sanguinis elimination, and not significantly different to the injected formulation (estimated effectiveness 96.4% and 96.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). Its application resulted in an 81.6% reduction and 62.7% additional clearance for A. microchir infestation by 15–24 days post-treatment, compared with untreated control pups (also not significantly different to injected ivermectin; 83.1% and 59.4%, respectively; P > 0.05). Treatment with either ivermectin formulation significantly ameliorated increases in inflammatory markers detected in the blood of untreated control pups – peripheral blood eosinophil counts (persisting to 36–41 days post-recruitment P < 0.05) and increased plasma protein concentrations (15–24 days post-recruitment; P < 0.05). Further, an initial short-term decrease in body condition in the control group was not observed in either of the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that topical ivermectin is an effective antiparasitic treatment in N. cinerea. It offers an alternative administration method for ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Lindsay, Scott A. Caraguel, Charles G.B. Gray, Rachael |
author_facet |
Lindsay, Scott A. Caraguel, Charles G.B. Gray, Rachael |
author_sort |
Lindsay, Scott A. |
title |
Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) |
title_short |
Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) |
title_full |
Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) |
title_fullStr |
Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophocacinerea) |
title_sort |
topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: a randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered australian sea lion (neophocacinerea) |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633868/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34877253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 |
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Antarc* |
genre_facet |
Antarc* |
op_source |
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633868/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34877253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 |
op_rights |
© 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002 |
container_title |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
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16 |
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275 |
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284 |
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