Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders with known natural occurrence in humans and a few other mammalian species. The diseases are experimentally transmissible, and the agent is derived from the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), which is misfolded into a pathogenic conforme...
Published in: | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613970/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34823556 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x |
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Review Tranulis, Michael Andreas Gavier-Widén, Dolores Våge, Jørn Nöremark, Maria Korpenfelt, Sirkka-Liisa Hautaniemi, Maria Pirisinu, Laura Nonno, Romolo Benestad, Sylvie Lafond Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon |
topic_facet |
Review |
description |
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders with known natural occurrence in humans and a few other mammalian species. The diseases are experimentally transmissible, and the agent is derived from the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), which is misfolded into a pathogenic conformer, designated PrP(Sc) (scrapie). Aggregates of PrP(Sc) molecules, constitute proteinaceous infectious particles, known as prions. Classical scrapie in sheep and goats and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids are known to be infectious under natural conditions. In CWD, infected animals can shed prions via bodily excretions, allowing direct host-to-host transmission or indirectly via prion-contaminated environments. The robustness of prions means that transmission via the latter route can be highly successful and has meant that limiting the spread of CWD has proven difficult. In 2016, CWD was diagnosed for the first time in Europe, in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and European moose (Alces alces). Both were diagnosed in Norway, and, subsequently, more cases were detected in a semi-isolated wild reindeer population in the Nordfjella area, in which the first case was identified. This population was culled, and all reindeer (approximately 2400) were tested for CWD; 18 positive animals, in addition to the first diagnosed case, were found. After two years and around 25,900 negative tests from reindeer (about 6500 from wild and 19,400 from semi-domesticated) in Norway, a new case was diagnosed in a wild reindeer buck on Hardangervidda, south of the Nordfjella area, in 2020. Further cases of CWD were also identified in moose, with a total of eight in Norway, four in Sweden, and two cases in Finland. The mean age of these cases is 14.7 years, and the pathological features are different from North American CWD and from the Norwegian reindeer cases, resembling atypical prion diseases such as Nor98/atypical scrapie and H- and L-forms of BSE. In this review, these moose cases are referred to as atypical CWD. In addition, two ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Tranulis, Michael Andreas Gavier-Widén, Dolores Våge, Jørn Nöremark, Maria Korpenfelt, Sirkka-Liisa Hautaniemi, Maria Pirisinu, Laura Nonno, Romolo Benestad, Sylvie Lafond |
author_facet |
Tranulis, Michael Andreas Gavier-Widén, Dolores Våge, Jørn Nöremark, Maria Korpenfelt, Sirkka-Liisa Hautaniemi, Maria Pirisinu, Laura Nonno, Romolo Benestad, Sylvie Lafond |
author_sort |
Tranulis, Michael Andreas |
title |
Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon |
title_short |
Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon |
title_full |
Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon |
title_fullStr |
Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon |
title_sort |
chronic wasting disease in europe: new strains on the horizon |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613970/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34823556 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x |
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ENVELOPE(11.034,11.034,64.546,64.546) |
geographic |
Nordfjella Norway |
geographic_facet |
Nordfjella Norway |
genre |
Alces alces Rangifer tarandus |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Rangifer tarandus |
op_source |
Acta Vet Scand |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613970/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34823556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x |
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© The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
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CC0 PDM CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x |
container_title |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
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63 |
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1 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8613970 2023-05-15T13:13:43+02:00 Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon Tranulis, Michael Andreas Gavier-Widén, Dolores Våge, Jørn Nöremark, Maria Korpenfelt, Sirkka-Liisa Hautaniemi, Maria Pirisinu, Laura Nonno, Romolo Benestad, Sylvie Lafond 2021-11-25 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613970/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34823556 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613970/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34823556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. CC0 PDM CC-BY Acta Vet Scand Review Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00606-x 2021-12-05T01:49:44Z Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders with known natural occurrence in humans and a few other mammalian species. The diseases are experimentally transmissible, and the agent is derived from the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), which is misfolded into a pathogenic conformer, designated PrP(Sc) (scrapie). Aggregates of PrP(Sc) molecules, constitute proteinaceous infectious particles, known as prions. Classical scrapie in sheep and goats and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids are known to be infectious under natural conditions. In CWD, infected animals can shed prions via bodily excretions, allowing direct host-to-host transmission or indirectly via prion-contaminated environments. The robustness of prions means that transmission via the latter route can be highly successful and has meant that limiting the spread of CWD has proven difficult. In 2016, CWD was diagnosed for the first time in Europe, in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and European moose (Alces alces). Both were diagnosed in Norway, and, subsequently, more cases were detected in a semi-isolated wild reindeer population in the Nordfjella area, in which the first case was identified. This population was culled, and all reindeer (approximately 2400) were tested for CWD; 18 positive animals, in addition to the first diagnosed case, were found. After two years and around 25,900 negative tests from reindeer (about 6500 from wild and 19,400 from semi-domesticated) in Norway, a new case was diagnosed in a wild reindeer buck on Hardangervidda, south of the Nordfjella area, in 2020. Further cases of CWD were also identified in moose, with a total of eight in Norway, four in Sweden, and two cases in Finland. The mean age of these cases is 14.7 years, and the pathological features are different from North American CWD and from the Norwegian reindeer cases, resembling atypical prion diseases such as Nor98/atypical scrapie and H- and L-forms of BSE. In this review, these moose cases are referred to as atypical CWD. In addition, two ... Text Alces alces Rangifer tarandus PubMed Central (PMC) Nordfjella ENVELOPE(11.034,11.034,64.546,64.546) Norway Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 63 1 |