Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabet...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593698/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782335 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8593698 2023-05-15T18:34:28+02:00 Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 Ruiz, Paz Lopez-Doriga Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter Eggen, Anne Elise Njølstad, Inger Grimnes, Guri Stene, Lars C Gulseth, Hanne L 2021-11-15 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593698/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782335 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 en eng BMJ Publishing Group http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593698/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . CC-BY-NC BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Epidemiology/Health services research Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 2021-11-28T01:27:51Z INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabetes prevalence using data from men and women aged 40–89 years participating in four surveys of the Tromsø Study with available data on HbA(1c) and self-reported diabetes: 1994–1995 (n=6720), 2001 (n=5831), 2007–2008 (n=11 987), and 2015–2016 (n=20 170). We defined undiagnosed diabetes as HbA(1c) ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and no self-reported diabetes. We studied the association of education, income and contact with a general practitioner on undiagnosed diabetes and estimated adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) from multivariable adjusted (age, sex, body mass index) log-binomial regression. RESULTS: Higher education was associated with lower prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. Those with secondary and tertiary education had lower prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (aPR for tertiary vs primary: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.66). Undiagnosed as a proportion of all diabetes was also significantly lower in those with tertiary education (aPR:0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.93). Household income was also negatively associated with prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. Across the surveys, approximately 80% of those with undiagnosed diabetes had been in contact with a general practitioner the last year, similar to those without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Undiagnosed diabetes was lower among participants with higher education. The hypothesis that those with undiagnosed diabetes had been less in contact with a general practitioner was not supported. Text Tromsø PubMed Central (PMC) Tromsø BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9 2 e002423 |
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Epidemiology/Health services research |
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Epidemiology/Health services research Ruiz, Paz Lopez-Doriga Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter Eggen, Anne Elise Njølstad, Inger Grimnes, Guri Stene, Lars C Gulseth, Hanne L Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 |
topic_facet |
Epidemiology/Health services research |
description |
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabetes prevalence using data from men and women aged 40–89 years participating in four surveys of the Tromsø Study with available data on HbA(1c) and self-reported diabetes: 1994–1995 (n=6720), 2001 (n=5831), 2007–2008 (n=11 987), and 2015–2016 (n=20 170). We defined undiagnosed diabetes as HbA(1c) ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and no self-reported diabetes. We studied the association of education, income and contact with a general practitioner on undiagnosed diabetes and estimated adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) from multivariable adjusted (age, sex, body mass index) log-binomial regression. RESULTS: Higher education was associated with lower prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. Those with secondary and tertiary education had lower prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (aPR for tertiary vs primary: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.66). Undiagnosed as a proportion of all diabetes was also significantly lower in those with tertiary education (aPR:0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.93). Household income was also negatively associated with prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. Across the surveys, approximately 80% of those with undiagnosed diabetes had been in contact with a general practitioner the last year, similar to those without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Undiagnosed diabetes was lower among participants with higher education. The hypothesis that those with undiagnosed diabetes had been less in contact with a general practitioner was not supported. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ruiz, Paz Lopez-Doriga Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter Eggen, Anne Elise Njølstad, Inger Grimnes, Guri Stene, Lars C Gulseth, Hanne L |
author_facet |
Ruiz, Paz Lopez-Doriga Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter Eggen, Anne Elise Njølstad, Inger Grimnes, Guri Stene, Lars C Gulseth, Hanne L |
author_sort |
Ruiz, Paz Lopez-Doriga |
title |
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 |
title_short |
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 |
title_full |
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 |
title_fullStr |
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 |
title_sort |
undiagnosed diabetes based on hba(1c) by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the tromsø study 1994–2016 |
publisher |
BMJ Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593698/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782335 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 |
geographic |
Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Tromsø |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_source |
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593698/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 |
op_rights |
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002423 |
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BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care |
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2 |
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e002423 |
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