Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day f...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591024/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790218 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8591024 2023-05-15T15:31:29+02:00 Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Khaw, Hooi Ling Gjerde, Bjarne Boison, Solomon A. Hjelle, Elise Difford, Gareth F. 2021-11-01 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591024/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790218 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591024/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 Copyright © 2021 Khaw, Gjerde, Boison, Hjelle and Difford. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Front Genet Genetics Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 2021-11-21T01:40:51Z High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day for 6 weeks (Phase I), followed by 24L:0D per day for 6 weeks (Phase II); one group was 0 + smolt (EXP1) and the other 1 + smolt (EXP2). To monitor the smoltification status of the fish, 100 (EXP1) and 60 (EXP2) fish were randomly sampled per week during Phase II. The following phenotypes for smoltification status were studied: RT-qPCR relative mRNA expression of values of two alpha catalytic subunits of the variants of the Na(+)K(+)ATPase (NKA) expressed in the sampled gill tissues of each fish. The first variant, alpha1a with increased expression in freshwater (FW) and the second variant alpha1b with increased expression in seawater variant (SW), as well as their ratio SW/FW. At the optimal time for seawater transfer based on the SW/FW trait, 1,000 (at sixth sampling of EXP1) and 1,500 (at fifth sampling of EXP2) fish were sampled for genetic parameter estimation. The individual variation in FW, SW, and SW/FW was very large at each of the seven samplings indicating a large variation among individuals in the optimum time of transfer to seawater. SW/FW showed significant genetic variation in both 0+ and 1+ smolts, which indicates the possibility for selection for improved synchronization of smoltification status of Atlantic salmon at the time where the largest proportion of the fish is considered to be smolt. However, the genetic correlation between SW/FW of 0+ and 1+ was not significantly different from zero indicating very little shared genetic variation in SW/FW in 0+ and 1+ fish. Smoltification phenotypes showed temporal progression over the smoltification period, and this progression varied between 0+ and 1+ smolt highlighting the importance of correctly timing the major sampling point, and when cohorts are ... Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) Norway Frontiers in Genetics 12 |
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English |
topic |
Genetics |
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Genetics Khaw, Hooi Ling Gjerde, Bjarne Boison, Solomon A. Hjelle, Elise Difford, Gareth F. Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
topic_facet |
Genetics |
description |
High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day for 6 weeks (Phase I), followed by 24L:0D per day for 6 weeks (Phase II); one group was 0 + smolt (EXP1) and the other 1 + smolt (EXP2). To monitor the smoltification status of the fish, 100 (EXP1) and 60 (EXP2) fish were randomly sampled per week during Phase II. The following phenotypes for smoltification status were studied: RT-qPCR relative mRNA expression of values of two alpha catalytic subunits of the variants of the Na(+)K(+)ATPase (NKA) expressed in the sampled gill tissues of each fish. The first variant, alpha1a with increased expression in freshwater (FW) and the second variant alpha1b with increased expression in seawater variant (SW), as well as their ratio SW/FW. At the optimal time for seawater transfer based on the SW/FW trait, 1,000 (at sixth sampling of EXP1) and 1,500 (at fifth sampling of EXP2) fish were sampled for genetic parameter estimation. The individual variation in FW, SW, and SW/FW was very large at each of the seven samplings indicating a large variation among individuals in the optimum time of transfer to seawater. SW/FW showed significant genetic variation in both 0+ and 1+ smolts, which indicates the possibility for selection for improved synchronization of smoltification status of Atlantic salmon at the time where the largest proportion of the fish is considered to be smolt. However, the genetic correlation between SW/FW of 0+ and 1+ was not significantly different from zero indicating very little shared genetic variation in SW/FW in 0+ and 1+ fish. Smoltification phenotypes showed temporal progression over the smoltification period, and this progression varied between 0+ and 1+ smolt highlighting the importance of correctly timing the major sampling point, and when cohorts are ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Khaw, Hooi Ling Gjerde, Bjarne Boison, Solomon A. Hjelle, Elise Difford, Gareth F. |
author_facet |
Khaw, Hooi Ling Gjerde, Bjarne Boison, Solomon A. Hjelle, Elise Difford, Gareth F. |
author_sort |
Khaw, Hooi Ling |
title |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_short |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_full |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_fullStr |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_sort |
quantitative genetics of smoltification status at the time of seawater transfer in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591024/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790218 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Front Genet |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591024/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2021 Khaw, Gjerde, Boison, Hjelle and Difford. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Genetics |
container_volume |
12 |
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1766361998485880832 |