Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to study th...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8589986 2023-05-15T15:08:54+02:00 Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks Zahn, Marie J. Rankin, Shannon McCullough, Jennifer L. K. Koblitz, Jens C. Archer, Frederick Rasmussen, Marianne H. Laidre, Kristin L. 2021-11-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589986/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34772963 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589986/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34772963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . CC-BY Sci Rep Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w 2021-11-21T01:39:10Z Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to study their populations, particularly in response to rapid climate change and increasing underwater noise. This study marks the first acoustic comparison between wild belugas and narwhals from the same location and reveals that they can be acoustically differentiated and classified solely by echolocation clicks. Acoustic recordings were made in the pack ice of Baffin Bay, West Greenland, during 2013. Multivariate analyses and Random Forests classification models were applied to eighty-one single-species acoustic events comprised of numerous echolocation clicks. Results demonstrate a significant difference between species’ acoustic parameters where beluga echolocation was distinguished by higher frequency content, evidenced by higher peak frequencies, center frequencies, and frequency minimums and maximums. Spectral peaks, troughs, and center frequencies for beluga clicks were generally > 60 kHz and narwhal clicks < 60 kHz with overlap between 40–60 kHz. Classification model predictive performance was strong with an overall correct classification rate of 97.5% for the best model. The most important predictors for species assignment were defined by peaks and notches in frequency spectra. Our results provide strong support for the use of echolocation in PAM efforts to differentiate belugas and narwhals acoustically. Text Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Beluga Beluga* Climate change Delphinapterus leucas Greenland Monodon monoceros narwhal* toothed whales PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Baffin Bay Greenland Scientific Reports 11 1 |
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Article Zahn, Marie J. Rankin, Shannon McCullough, Jennifer L. K. Koblitz, Jens C. Archer, Frederick Rasmussen, Marianne H. Laidre, Kristin L. Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
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description |
Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to study their populations, particularly in response to rapid climate change and increasing underwater noise. This study marks the first acoustic comparison between wild belugas and narwhals from the same location and reveals that they can be acoustically differentiated and classified solely by echolocation clicks. Acoustic recordings were made in the pack ice of Baffin Bay, West Greenland, during 2013. Multivariate analyses and Random Forests classification models were applied to eighty-one single-species acoustic events comprised of numerous echolocation clicks. Results demonstrate a significant difference between species’ acoustic parameters where beluga echolocation was distinguished by higher frequency content, evidenced by higher peak frequencies, center frequencies, and frequency minimums and maximums. Spectral peaks, troughs, and center frequencies for beluga clicks were generally > 60 kHz and narwhal clicks < 60 kHz with overlap between 40–60 kHz. Classification model predictive performance was strong with an overall correct classification rate of 97.5% for the best model. The most important predictors for species assignment were defined by peaks and notches in frequency spectra. Our results provide strong support for the use of echolocation in PAM efforts to differentiate belugas and narwhals acoustically. |
format |
Text |
author |
Zahn, Marie J. Rankin, Shannon McCullough, Jennifer L. K. Koblitz, Jens C. Archer, Frederick Rasmussen, Marianne H. Laidre, Kristin L. |
author_facet |
Zahn, Marie J. Rankin, Shannon McCullough, Jennifer L. K. Koblitz, Jens C. Archer, Frederick Rasmussen, Marianne H. Laidre, Kristin L. |
author_sort |
Zahn, Marie J. |
title |
Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
title_short |
Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
title_full |
Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
title_fullStr |
Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
title_sort |
acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589986/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34772963 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w |
geographic |
Arctic Baffin Bay Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Beluga Beluga* Climate change Delphinapterus leucas Greenland Monodon monoceros narwhal* toothed whales |
genre_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Beluga Beluga* Climate change Delphinapterus leucas Greenland Monodon monoceros narwhal* toothed whales |
op_source |
Sci Rep |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589986/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34772963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w |
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Scientific Reports |
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11 |
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