Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar
The feeding behavior in fish is a complex activity that relies on the ability of the brain to integrate multiple signals to produce appropriate responses in terms of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic activity. Upon stress cues including viral infection or mediators such as the proinflam...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8583931 2023-05-15T18:09:56+02:00 Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar Muñoz, David Fuentes, Ricardo Carnicero, Beatriz Aguilar, Andrea Sanhueza, Nataly San-Martin, Sergio Agurto, Cristian Donoso, Andrea Valdivia, Leonardo E. Miguez, Jesús M. Tort, Lluis Boltana, Sebastián 2021-10-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583931/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111391 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583931/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111391 © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Int J Mol Sci Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111391 2021-11-14T01:57:22Z The feeding behavior in fish is a complex activity that relies on the ability of the brain to integrate multiple signals to produce appropriate responses in terms of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic activity. Upon stress cues including viral infection or mediators such as the proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and cortisol, both Pomc and Npy/Agrp neurons from the hypothalamus are stimulated, thus triggering a response that controls both energy storage and expenditure. However, how appetite modulators or neuro-immune cues link pathogenesis and energy homeostasis in fish remains poorly understood. Here, we provide the first evidence of a molecular linkage between inflammation and food intake in Salmon salar. We show that in vivo viral challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) impacts food consumption by activating anorexic genes such as mc4r, crf, and pomcb and 5-HT in the brain of S. salar. At the molecular level, viral infection induces an overall reduction in lipid content in the liver, favoring the production of AA and EPA associated with the increment of elovl2 gene. In addition, infection upregulates leptin signaling and inhibits insulin signaling. These changes are accompanied by a robust inflammatory response represented by the increment of Il-1b, Il-6, Tnfa, and Pge2 as well as an increased cortisol level in vivo. Thus, we propose a model in which hypothalamic neurons respond to inflammatory cytokines and stress-related molecules and interact with appetite induction/inhibition. These findings provide evidence of crosstalk between pathogenesis-driven inflammation and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axes in stress-induced food intake behavior in fish. Text Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 21 11391 |
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Article Muñoz, David Fuentes, Ricardo Carnicero, Beatriz Aguilar, Andrea Sanhueza, Nataly San-Martin, Sergio Agurto, Cristian Donoso, Andrea Valdivia, Leonardo E. Miguez, Jesús M. Tort, Lluis Boltana, Sebastián Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar |
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Article |
description |
The feeding behavior in fish is a complex activity that relies on the ability of the brain to integrate multiple signals to produce appropriate responses in terms of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic activity. Upon stress cues including viral infection or mediators such as the proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and cortisol, both Pomc and Npy/Agrp neurons from the hypothalamus are stimulated, thus triggering a response that controls both energy storage and expenditure. However, how appetite modulators or neuro-immune cues link pathogenesis and energy homeostasis in fish remains poorly understood. Here, we provide the first evidence of a molecular linkage between inflammation and food intake in Salmon salar. We show that in vivo viral challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) impacts food consumption by activating anorexic genes such as mc4r, crf, and pomcb and 5-HT in the brain of S. salar. At the molecular level, viral infection induces an overall reduction in lipid content in the liver, favoring the production of AA and EPA associated with the increment of elovl2 gene. In addition, infection upregulates leptin signaling and inhibits insulin signaling. These changes are accompanied by a robust inflammatory response represented by the increment of Il-1b, Il-6, Tnfa, and Pge2 as well as an increased cortisol level in vivo. Thus, we propose a model in which hypothalamic neurons respond to inflammatory cytokines and stress-related molecules and interact with appetite induction/inhibition. These findings provide evidence of crosstalk between pathogenesis-driven inflammation and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axes in stress-induced food intake behavior in fish. |
format |
Text |
author |
Muñoz, David Fuentes, Ricardo Carnicero, Beatriz Aguilar, Andrea Sanhueza, Nataly San-Martin, Sergio Agurto, Cristian Donoso, Andrea Valdivia, Leonardo E. Miguez, Jesús M. Tort, Lluis Boltana, Sebastián |
author_facet |
Muñoz, David Fuentes, Ricardo Carnicero, Beatriz Aguilar, Andrea Sanhueza, Nataly San-Martin, Sergio Agurto, Cristian Donoso, Andrea Valdivia, Leonardo E. Miguez, Jesús M. Tort, Lluis Boltana, Sebastián |
author_sort |
Muñoz, David |
title |
Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar |
title_short |
Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar |
title_full |
Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar |
title_fullStr |
Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar |
title_sort |
viral infection drives the regulation of feeding behavior related genes in salmo salar |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583931/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111391 |
genre |
Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Salmo salar |
op_source |
Int J Mol Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583931/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111391 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111391 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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22 |
container_issue |
21 |
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11391 |
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1766182645831565312 |