Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic
Among the organisms that spread into and flourish in Arctic waters with rising temperatures and sea ice loss are toxic algae, a group of harmful algal bloom species that produce potent biotoxins. Alexandrium catenella, a cyst-forming dinoflagellate that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8521661 2023-05-15T14:51:06+02:00 Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic Anderson, Donald M. Fachon, Evangeline Pickart, Robert S. Lin, Peigen Fischer, Alexis D. Richlen, Mindy L. Uva, Victoria Brosnahan, Michael L. McRaven, Leah Bahr, Frank Lefebvre, Kathi Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Danielson, Seth L. Lyu, Yihua Fukai, Yuri 2021-10-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521661/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34607950 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521661/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34607950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118 Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . CC-BY-NC-ND Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118 2021-10-31T00:28:35Z Among the organisms that spread into and flourish in Arctic waters with rising temperatures and sea ice loss are toxic algae, a group of harmful algal bloom species that produce potent biotoxins. Alexandrium catenella, a cyst-forming dinoflagellate that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide, has been a significant threat to human health in southeastern Alaska for centuries. It is known to be transported into Arctic regions in waters transiting northward through the Bering Strait, yet there is little recognition of this organism as a human health concern north of the Strait. Here, we describe an exceptionally large A. catenella benthic cyst bed and hydrographic conditions across the Chukchi Sea that support germination and development of recurrent, locally originating and self-seeding blooms. Two prominent cyst accumulation zones result from deposition promoted by weak circulation. Cyst concentrations are among the highest reported globally for this species, and the cyst bed is at least 6× larger in area than any other. These extraordinary accumulations are attributed to repeated inputs from advected southern blooms and to localized cyst formation and deposition. Over the past two decades, warming has likely increased the magnitude of the germination flux twofold and advanced the timing of cell inoculation into the euphotic zone by 20 d. Conditions are also now favorable for bloom development in surface waters. The region is poised to support annually recurrent A. catenella blooms that are massive in scale, posing a significant and worrisome threat to public and ecosystem health in Alaskan Arctic communities where economies are subsistence based. Text Arctic Bering Strait Chukchi Chukchi Sea Human health Sea ice Alaska PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Chukchi Sea Bering Strait Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 41 |
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English |
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Biological Sciences |
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Biological Sciences Anderson, Donald M. Fachon, Evangeline Pickart, Robert S. Lin, Peigen Fischer, Alexis D. Richlen, Mindy L. Uva, Victoria Brosnahan, Michael L. McRaven, Leah Bahr, Frank Lefebvre, Kathi Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Danielson, Seth L. Lyu, Yihua Fukai, Yuri Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences |
description |
Among the organisms that spread into and flourish in Arctic waters with rising temperatures and sea ice loss are toxic algae, a group of harmful algal bloom species that produce potent biotoxins. Alexandrium catenella, a cyst-forming dinoflagellate that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide, has been a significant threat to human health in southeastern Alaska for centuries. It is known to be transported into Arctic regions in waters transiting northward through the Bering Strait, yet there is little recognition of this organism as a human health concern north of the Strait. Here, we describe an exceptionally large A. catenella benthic cyst bed and hydrographic conditions across the Chukchi Sea that support germination and development of recurrent, locally originating and self-seeding blooms. Two prominent cyst accumulation zones result from deposition promoted by weak circulation. Cyst concentrations are among the highest reported globally for this species, and the cyst bed is at least 6× larger in area than any other. These extraordinary accumulations are attributed to repeated inputs from advected southern blooms and to localized cyst formation and deposition. Over the past two decades, warming has likely increased the magnitude of the germination flux twofold and advanced the timing of cell inoculation into the euphotic zone by 20 d. Conditions are also now favorable for bloom development in surface waters. The region is poised to support annually recurrent A. catenella blooms that are massive in scale, posing a significant and worrisome threat to public and ecosystem health in Alaskan Arctic communities where economies are subsistence based. |
format |
Text |
author |
Anderson, Donald M. Fachon, Evangeline Pickart, Robert S. Lin, Peigen Fischer, Alexis D. Richlen, Mindy L. Uva, Victoria Brosnahan, Michael L. McRaven, Leah Bahr, Frank Lefebvre, Kathi Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Danielson, Seth L. Lyu, Yihua Fukai, Yuri |
author_facet |
Anderson, Donald M. Fachon, Evangeline Pickart, Robert S. Lin, Peigen Fischer, Alexis D. Richlen, Mindy L. Uva, Victoria Brosnahan, Michael L. McRaven, Leah Bahr, Frank Lefebvre, Kathi Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Danielson, Seth L. Lyu, Yihua Fukai, Yuri |
author_sort |
Anderson, Donald M. |
title |
Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic |
title_short |
Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic |
title_full |
Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic |
title_sort |
evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of alexandrium catenella in the alaskan arctic |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521661/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34607950 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118 |
geographic |
Arctic Chukchi Sea Bering Strait |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Chukchi Sea Bering Strait |
genre |
Arctic Bering Strait Chukchi Chukchi Sea Human health Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Strait Chukchi Chukchi Sea Human health Sea ice Alaska |
op_source |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521661/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34607950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
118 |
container_issue |
41 |
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1766322163597443072 |