Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation
An indole derivative umifenovir (Arbidol) is one of the most widely used antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and some other viral infections. The purpose of the present study was to shed light on the transformation processes of umifenovir in municipal wastewater, including d...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8451976 2023-05-15T15:24:00+02:00 Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation Ul'yanovskii, Nikolay V. Kosyakov, Dmitry S. Sypalov, Sergey A. Varsegov, Ilya S. Shavrina, Irina S. Lebedev, Albert T. 2022-01-20 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451976/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150380 en eng Elsevier B.V. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451976/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150380 © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. Sci Total Environ Article Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150380 2021-09-26T00:35:30Z An indole derivative umifenovir (Arbidol) is one of the most widely used antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and some other viral infections. The purpose of the present study was to shed light on the transformation processes of umifenovir in municipal wastewater, including disinfection with active chlorine, as well as to assess the levels of the antiviral drug and its metabolites entering and accumulating in natural reservoirs under conditions of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass-spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for tentative identification and quantification of umifenovir and its transformation products in model reaction mixtures and real samples of wastewater, river water, biological sludge and bottom sediments taken at the wastewater treatment plant in Arkhangelsk, a large cultural and industrial center at the Russian North. Laboratory experiments allowed identifying fifteen bromine-containing transformation products, forming at the initial stages of the chlorination and fourteen classic volatile and semi volatile disinfection by-products with bromoform as the dominant one. Chlorinated derivatives are only the minor disinfection by-products forming by substitution of alkylamine group in the aromatic ring. The schemes of umifenovir transformation in reactions with dissolved oxygen and sodium hypochlorite are proposed. Two established primary transformation products formed by oxidation of the thioether group to sulfoxide and elimination of thiophenol were detected in noticeable concentrations in the wastewater together with their precursor. The level of umifenovir reached 1.3 mg kg(−1) in the sludge and municipal wastewater treat contained 1 μg L(−1) of that drug, while its removal during biological wastewater treatment was about 40%. Pronounced accumulation of umifenovir and its transformation products in biological sludge and bottom sediments of ... Text Arkhangelsk Russian North PubMed Central (PMC) Science of The Total Environment 805 150380 |
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Article Ul'yanovskii, Nikolay V. Kosyakov, Dmitry S. Sypalov, Sergey A. Varsegov, Ilya S. Shavrina, Irina S. Lebedev, Albert T. Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation |
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Article |
description |
An indole derivative umifenovir (Arbidol) is one of the most widely used antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and some other viral infections. The purpose of the present study was to shed light on the transformation processes of umifenovir in municipal wastewater, including disinfection with active chlorine, as well as to assess the levels of the antiviral drug and its metabolites entering and accumulating in natural reservoirs under conditions of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass-spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for tentative identification and quantification of umifenovir and its transformation products in model reaction mixtures and real samples of wastewater, river water, biological sludge and bottom sediments taken at the wastewater treatment plant in Arkhangelsk, a large cultural and industrial center at the Russian North. Laboratory experiments allowed identifying fifteen bromine-containing transformation products, forming at the initial stages of the chlorination and fourteen classic volatile and semi volatile disinfection by-products with bromoform as the dominant one. Chlorinated derivatives are only the minor disinfection by-products forming by substitution of alkylamine group in the aromatic ring. The schemes of umifenovir transformation in reactions with dissolved oxygen and sodium hypochlorite are proposed. Two established primary transformation products formed by oxidation of the thioether group to sulfoxide and elimination of thiophenol were detected in noticeable concentrations in the wastewater together with their precursor. The level of umifenovir reached 1.3 mg kg(−1) in the sludge and municipal wastewater treat contained 1 μg L(−1) of that drug, while its removal during biological wastewater treatment was about 40%. Pronounced accumulation of umifenovir and its transformation products in biological sludge and bottom sediments of ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Ul'yanovskii, Nikolay V. Kosyakov, Dmitry S. Sypalov, Sergey A. Varsegov, Ilya S. Shavrina, Irina S. Lebedev, Albert T. |
author_facet |
Ul'yanovskii, Nikolay V. Kosyakov, Dmitry S. Sypalov, Sergey A. Varsegov, Ilya S. Shavrina, Irina S. Lebedev, Albert T. |
author_sort |
Ul'yanovskii, Nikolay V. |
title |
Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation |
title_short |
Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation |
title_full |
Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation |
title_fullStr |
Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation |
title_sort |
antiviral drug umifenovir (arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the covid-19 pandemic: estimated levels and transformation |
publisher |
Elsevier B.V. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451976/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150380 |
genre |
Arkhangelsk Russian North |
genre_facet |
Arkhangelsk Russian North |
op_source |
Sci Total Environ |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451976/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150380 |
op_rights |
© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150380 |
container_title |
Science of The Total Environment |
container_volume |
805 |
container_start_page |
150380 |
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1766354574963113984 |