Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach
Background: Multisite pain is commonly chronic and often lacks its initial role as a potential tissue damage signal. Chronic pain among working-age individuals is a risk for disability and imposes a major burden on health care systems and society. As effective treatments for chronic pain are largely...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8385412 2023-05-15T17:42:53+02:00 Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach Ahlholm, Ville-Heikki Rönkkö, Viljami Ala-Mursula, Leena Karppinen, Jaro Oura, Petteri 2021-08-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385412/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709778 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385412/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709778 Copyright © 2021 Ahlholm, Rönkkö, Ala-Mursula, Karppinen and Oura. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Front Public Health Public Health Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709778 2021-08-29T00:45:26Z Background: Multisite pain is commonly chronic and often lacks its initial role as a potential tissue damage signal. Chronic pain among working-age individuals is a risk for disability and imposes a major burden on health care systems and society. As effective treatments for chronic pain are largely lacking, better identification of the factors associated with pain over working years is needed. Methods: Members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 participated in data collection at the ages of 31 (n = 4,028) and 46 (n = 3,429). Using these two time points, we performed a multivariable analysis of the association of socioeconomic, occupational, psychological and lifestyle factors (i.e., low education, living alone, low household income, unemployment, occupational physical exposures [hard physical labor, leaning forward, back twisting, constant moving, lifting loads of ≥ 1 kg], physical inactivity, regular smoking, regular drinking, overweight, and psychiatric symptoms) with the number of musculoskeletal pain sites (i.e., upper extremity, lower extremity, lower back, and the neck-shoulder region; totalling 0–4 pain sites). The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: At the age of 31, multisite pain was reported by 72.5% of men and 78.6% of women. At the age of 46, the prevalence of multisite pain was 75.7% among men and 82.7% among women. Among men, the number of pain sites was positively associated with age (rate ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.08), low household income (1.05, 1.01–1.08), unemployment (1.13, 1.06–1.19), any occupational exposure (1.17, 1.12–1.22), regular smoking (1.06, 1.02–1.11), and psychiatric symptoms (1.21, 1.17–1.26). Among women, the number of pain sites was positively associated with age (1.06, 1.04–1.10), unemployment (1.10, 1.05–1.15), any occupational exposure (1.10, 1.06–1.13), regular smoking (1.06, 1.02–1.10), overweight (1.08, 1.05–1.11), and psychiatric symptoms (1.19, 1.15–1.22); living alone was negatively associated with the number ... Text Northern Finland PubMed Central (PMC) Frontiers in Public Health 9 |
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Public Health Ahlholm, Ville-Heikki Rönkkö, Viljami Ala-Mursula, Leena Karppinen, Jaro Oura, Petteri Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach |
topic_facet |
Public Health |
description |
Background: Multisite pain is commonly chronic and often lacks its initial role as a potential tissue damage signal. Chronic pain among working-age individuals is a risk for disability and imposes a major burden on health care systems and society. As effective treatments for chronic pain are largely lacking, better identification of the factors associated with pain over working years is needed. Methods: Members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 participated in data collection at the ages of 31 (n = 4,028) and 46 (n = 3,429). Using these two time points, we performed a multivariable analysis of the association of socioeconomic, occupational, psychological and lifestyle factors (i.e., low education, living alone, low household income, unemployment, occupational physical exposures [hard physical labor, leaning forward, back twisting, constant moving, lifting loads of ≥ 1 kg], physical inactivity, regular smoking, regular drinking, overweight, and psychiatric symptoms) with the number of musculoskeletal pain sites (i.e., upper extremity, lower extremity, lower back, and the neck-shoulder region; totalling 0–4 pain sites). The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: At the age of 31, multisite pain was reported by 72.5% of men and 78.6% of women. At the age of 46, the prevalence of multisite pain was 75.7% among men and 82.7% among women. Among men, the number of pain sites was positively associated with age (rate ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.08), low household income (1.05, 1.01–1.08), unemployment (1.13, 1.06–1.19), any occupational exposure (1.17, 1.12–1.22), regular smoking (1.06, 1.02–1.11), and psychiatric symptoms (1.21, 1.17–1.26). Among women, the number of pain sites was positively associated with age (1.06, 1.04–1.10), unemployment (1.10, 1.05–1.15), any occupational exposure (1.10, 1.06–1.13), regular smoking (1.06, 1.02–1.10), overweight (1.08, 1.05–1.11), and psychiatric symptoms (1.19, 1.15–1.22); living alone was negatively associated with the number ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Ahlholm, Ville-Heikki Rönkkö, Viljami Ala-Mursula, Leena Karppinen, Jaro Oura, Petteri |
author_facet |
Ahlholm, Ville-Heikki Rönkkö, Viljami Ala-Mursula, Leena Karppinen, Jaro Oura, Petteri |
author_sort |
Ahlholm, Ville-Heikki |
title |
Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach |
title_short |
Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach |
title_full |
Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach |
title_fullStr |
Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling the Multidimensional Predictors of Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain Across Adulthood—A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach |
title_sort |
modeling the multidimensional predictors of multisite musculoskeletal pain across adulthood—a generalized estimating equations approach |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385412/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709778 |
genre |
Northern Finland |
genre_facet |
Northern Finland |
op_source |
Front Public Health |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385412/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709778 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2021 Ahlholm, Rönkkö, Ala-Mursula, Karppinen and Oura. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709778 |
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Frontiers in Public Health |
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9 |
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1766144808264400896 |