Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod
Stochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge in track...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372085/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34429743 https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8372085 2023-05-15T15:27:16+02:00 Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna 2021-06-10 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372085/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34429743 https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372085/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34429743 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 © 2021 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY Evol Appl Original Articles Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 2021-08-29T00:32:46Z Stochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge in tracking fitness across generations. Here, we take a ‘proof of principle’ approach to explore whether the reproductive strategy of multiple‐batch spawning constitutes a bet‐hedging. We used Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as the study species and parameterized an eco‐evolutionary model, using empirical data on size‐related reproductive and survival traits. To evaluate the fitness benefits of multiple‐batch spawning (within a single breeding period), the mechanistic model separately simulated multiple‐batch and single‐batch spawning populations under temporally varying environments. We followed the arithmetic and geometric mean fitness associated with both strategies and quantified the mean changes in fitness under several environmental stochasticity levels. We found that, by spreading the environmental risk among batches, multiple‐batch spawning increases fitness under fluctuating environmental conditions. The multiple‐batch spawning trait is, thus, advantageous and acts as a bet‐hedging strategy when the environment is exceptionally unpredictable. Our research identifies an analytically flexible, stochastic, life‐history modelling approach to explore the fitness consequences of a risk‐spreading strategy and elucidates the importance of evolutionary applications to life‐history diversity. Text atlantic cod Gadus morhua PubMed Central (PMC) Evolutionary Applications 14 8 1980 1992 |
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Original Articles Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
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Original Articles |
description |
Stochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge in tracking fitness across generations. Here, we take a ‘proof of principle’ approach to explore whether the reproductive strategy of multiple‐batch spawning constitutes a bet‐hedging. We used Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as the study species and parameterized an eco‐evolutionary model, using empirical data on size‐related reproductive and survival traits. To evaluate the fitness benefits of multiple‐batch spawning (within a single breeding period), the mechanistic model separately simulated multiple‐batch and single‐batch spawning populations under temporally varying environments. We followed the arithmetic and geometric mean fitness associated with both strategies and quantified the mean changes in fitness under several environmental stochasticity levels. We found that, by spreading the environmental risk among batches, multiple‐batch spawning increases fitness under fluctuating environmental conditions. The multiple‐batch spawning trait is, thus, advantageous and acts as a bet‐hedging strategy when the environment is exceptionally unpredictable. Our research identifies an analytically flexible, stochastic, life‐history modelling approach to explore the fitness consequences of a risk‐spreading strategy and elucidates the importance of evolutionary applications to life‐history diversity. |
format |
Text |
author |
Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna |
author_facet |
Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna |
author_sort |
Hočevar, Sara |
title |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_short |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_full |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_fullStr |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_sort |
multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: an exploratory analysis of atlantic cod |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372085/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34429743 https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
Evol Appl |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372085/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34429743 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 |
op_rights |
© 2021 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 |
container_title |
Evolutionary Applications |
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14 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1980 |
op_container_end_page |
1992 |
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1766357712791142400 |