High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions
The metabolism of nitric oxide plays an increasingly interesting role in the physiological response of the human body to extreme environmental conditions, such as underwater, in an extremely cold climate, and at low oxygen concentrations. Field studies need the development of analytical methods to m...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8348835 2023-05-15T13:36:34+02:00 High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions Brizzolari, Andrea Dei Cas, Michele Cialoni, Danilo Marroni, Alessandro Morano, Camillo Samaja, Michele Paroni, Rita Rubino, Federico Maria 2021-07-28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348835/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361720 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348835/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361720 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Molecules Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 2021-08-15T00:41:59Z The metabolism of nitric oxide plays an increasingly interesting role in the physiological response of the human body to extreme environmental conditions, such as underwater, in an extremely cold climate, and at low oxygen concentrations. Field studies need the development of analytical methods to measure nitrite and nitrate in plasma and red blood cells with high requirements of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. An optimized spectrophotometric Griess method for nitrite–nitrate affords sensitivity in the low millimolar range and precision within ±2 μM for both nitrite and nitrate, requiring 100 μL of scarcely available plasma sample or less than 50 μL of red blood cells. A scheduled time-efficient procedure affords measurement of as many as 80 blood samples, with combined nitrite and nitrate measurement in plasma and red blood cells. Performance and usefulness were tested in pilot studies that use blood fractions deriving from subjects who dwelt in an Antarctica scientific station and on breath-holding and scuba divers who performed training at sea and in a land-based deep pool facility. The method demonstrated adequate to measure low basal concentrations of nitrite and high production of nitrate as a consequence of water column pressure-triggered vasodilatation in deep-water divers. Text Antarc* Antarctica PubMed Central (PMC) Molecules 26 15 4569 |
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Article Brizzolari, Andrea Dei Cas, Michele Cialoni, Danilo Marroni, Alessandro Morano, Camillo Samaja, Michele Paroni, Rita Rubino, Federico Maria High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
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Article |
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The metabolism of nitric oxide plays an increasingly interesting role in the physiological response of the human body to extreme environmental conditions, such as underwater, in an extremely cold climate, and at low oxygen concentrations. Field studies need the development of analytical methods to measure nitrite and nitrate in plasma and red blood cells with high requirements of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. An optimized spectrophotometric Griess method for nitrite–nitrate affords sensitivity in the low millimolar range and precision within ±2 μM for both nitrite and nitrate, requiring 100 μL of scarcely available plasma sample or less than 50 μL of red blood cells. A scheduled time-efficient procedure affords measurement of as many as 80 blood samples, with combined nitrite and nitrate measurement in plasma and red blood cells. Performance and usefulness were tested in pilot studies that use blood fractions deriving from subjects who dwelt in an Antarctica scientific station and on breath-holding and scuba divers who performed training at sea and in a land-based deep pool facility. The method demonstrated adequate to measure low basal concentrations of nitrite and high production of nitrate as a consequence of water column pressure-triggered vasodilatation in deep-water divers. |
format |
Text |
author |
Brizzolari, Andrea Dei Cas, Michele Cialoni, Danilo Marroni, Alessandro Morano, Camillo Samaja, Michele Paroni, Rita Rubino, Federico Maria |
author_facet |
Brizzolari, Andrea Dei Cas, Michele Cialoni, Danilo Marroni, Alessandro Morano, Camillo Samaja, Michele Paroni, Rita Rubino, Federico Maria |
author_sort |
Brizzolari, Andrea |
title |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_short |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_full |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_fullStr |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_sort |
high-throughput griess assay of nitrite and nitrate in plasma and red blood cells for human physiology studies under extreme conditions |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348835/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361720 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 |
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Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Molecules |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348835/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361720 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 |
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Molecules |
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