Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection
As a powerful in situ detection technique, Raman spectroscopy is becoming a popular underwater investigation method, especially in deep-sea research. In this paper, an easy-to-operate underwater Raman system with a compact design and competitive sensitivity is introduced. All the components, includi...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8347312 2023-05-15T17:11:53+02:00 Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection Liu, Qingsheng Guo, Jinjia Ye, Wangquan Cheng, Kai Qi, Fujun Zheng, Ronger Sun, Zhilei Zhang, Xilin 2021-07-27 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347312/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372326 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155090 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347312/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372326 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155090 © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Sensors (Basel) Communication Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155090 2021-08-15T00:37:48Z As a powerful in situ detection technique, Raman spectroscopy is becoming a popular underwater investigation method, especially in deep-sea research. In this paper, an easy-to-operate underwater Raman system with a compact design and competitive sensitivity is introduced. All the components, including the optical module and the electronic module, were packaged in an L362 × Φ172 mm titanium capsule with a weight of 20 kg in the air (about 12 kg in water). By optimising the laser coupling mode and focusing lens parameters, a competitive sensitivity was achieved with the detection limit of SO(4)(2−) being 0.7 mmol/L. The first sea trial was carried out with the aid of a 3000 m grade remotely operated vehicle (ROV) “FCV3000” in October 2018. Over 20,000 spectra were captured from the targets interested, including methane hydrate, clamshell in the area of cold seep, and bacterial mats around a hydrothermal vent, with a maximum depth of 1038 m. A Raman peak at 2592 cm(−1) was found in the methane hydrate spectra, which revealed the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the seeping gas. In addition, we also found sulfur in the bacterial mats, confirming the involvement of micro-organisms in the sulfur cycle in the hydrothermal field. It is expected that the system can be developed as a universal deep-sea survey and detection equipment in the near future. Text Methane hydrate PubMed Central (PMC) Sensors 21 15 5090 |
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Communication Liu, Qingsheng Guo, Jinjia Ye, Wangquan Cheng, Kai Qi, Fujun Zheng, Ronger Sun, Zhilei Zhang, Xilin Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection |
topic_facet |
Communication |
description |
As a powerful in situ detection technique, Raman spectroscopy is becoming a popular underwater investigation method, especially in deep-sea research. In this paper, an easy-to-operate underwater Raman system with a compact design and competitive sensitivity is introduced. All the components, including the optical module and the electronic module, were packaged in an L362 × Φ172 mm titanium capsule with a weight of 20 kg in the air (about 12 kg in water). By optimising the laser coupling mode and focusing lens parameters, a competitive sensitivity was achieved with the detection limit of SO(4)(2−) being 0.7 mmol/L. The first sea trial was carried out with the aid of a 3000 m grade remotely operated vehicle (ROV) “FCV3000” in October 2018. Over 20,000 spectra were captured from the targets interested, including methane hydrate, clamshell in the area of cold seep, and bacterial mats around a hydrothermal vent, with a maximum depth of 1038 m. A Raman peak at 2592 cm(−1) was found in the methane hydrate spectra, which revealed the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the seeping gas. In addition, we also found sulfur in the bacterial mats, confirming the involvement of micro-organisms in the sulfur cycle in the hydrothermal field. It is expected that the system can be developed as a universal deep-sea survey and detection equipment in the near future. |
format |
Text |
author |
Liu, Qingsheng Guo, Jinjia Ye, Wangquan Cheng, Kai Qi, Fujun Zheng, Ronger Sun, Zhilei Zhang, Xilin |
author_facet |
Liu, Qingsheng Guo, Jinjia Ye, Wangquan Cheng, Kai Qi, Fujun Zheng, Ronger Sun, Zhilei Zhang, Xilin |
author_sort |
Liu, Qingsheng |
title |
Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection |
title_short |
Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection |
title_full |
Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection |
title_fullStr |
Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection |
title_sort |
development of an easy-to-operate underwater raman system for deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent in situ detection |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347312/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372326 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155090 |
genre |
Methane hydrate |
genre_facet |
Methane hydrate |
op_source |
Sensors (Basel) |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347312/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372326 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155090 |
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© 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155090 |
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Sensors |
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21 |
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