Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments
Freshwater bathing for 2–3 h is the main treatment to control amoebic gill disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that amoebae (Neoparamoeba perurans) detach when exposed to freshwater and that some eventually reattach to culture plates when returned to s...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8145359 2023-05-15T15:32:25+02:00 Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments Taylor, Richard S. Slinger, Joel Stratford, Chris Rigby, Megan Wynne, James W. 2021-04-29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947171 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050967 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050967 © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Microorganisms Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050967 2021-05-30T00:46:57Z Freshwater bathing for 2–3 h is the main treatment to control amoebic gill disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that amoebae (Neoparamoeba perurans) detach when exposed to freshwater and that some eventually reattach to culture plates when returned to seawater. Here, we evaluated the potential for gill-detached N. perurans to survive a commercially relevant treatment and infect AGD-naïve fish and whether holding used bathwater for up to 6 h post treatment would lower infectivity. AGD-affected fish were bathed in freshwater for 2 h. Naïve salmon were exposed to aliquots of the used bathwater after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The inoculation was performed at 30 ppt for 2 h, followed by gradual dilution with seawater. Sampling at 20 days post inoculation (dpi) and 40 dpi confirmed rapid AGD development in fish inoculated in 2 h used bathwater, but a slower AGD development following exposure to 4 h bathwater. AGD signs were variable and reduced following longer bathwater holding times. These results suggest that viable amoebae are likely returned to seawater following commercial freshwater treatments, but that the risk of infection can be reduced by retention of bathwater before release. Text Atlantic salmon PubMed Central (PMC) Microorganisms 9 5 967 |
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Article Taylor, Richard S. Slinger, Joel Stratford, Chris Rigby, Megan Wynne, James W. Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments |
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Freshwater bathing for 2–3 h is the main treatment to control amoebic gill disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that amoebae (Neoparamoeba perurans) detach when exposed to freshwater and that some eventually reattach to culture plates when returned to seawater. Here, we evaluated the potential for gill-detached N. perurans to survive a commercially relevant treatment and infect AGD-naïve fish and whether holding used bathwater for up to 6 h post treatment would lower infectivity. AGD-affected fish were bathed in freshwater for 2 h. Naïve salmon were exposed to aliquots of the used bathwater after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The inoculation was performed at 30 ppt for 2 h, followed by gradual dilution with seawater. Sampling at 20 days post inoculation (dpi) and 40 dpi confirmed rapid AGD development in fish inoculated in 2 h used bathwater, but a slower AGD development following exposure to 4 h bathwater. AGD signs were variable and reduced following longer bathwater holding times. These results suggest that viable amoebae are likely returned to seawater following commercial freshwater treatments, but that the risk of infection can be reduced by retention of bathwater before release. |
format |
Text |
author |
Taylor, Richard S. Slinger, Joel Stratford, Chris Rigby, Megan Wynne, James W. |
author_facet |
Taylor, Richard S. Slinger, Joel Stratford, Chris Rigby, Megan Wynne, James W. |
author_sort |
Taylor, Richard S. |
title |
Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments |
title_short |
Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments |
title_full |
Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Neoparamoeba perurans Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments |
title_sort |
evaluation of the infectious potential of neoparamoeba perurans following freshwater bathing treatments |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947171 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050967 |
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Atlantic salmon |
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Atlantic salmon |
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Microorganisms |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050967 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050967 |
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Microorganisms |
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