Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing s...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087537/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8087537 2023-05-15T15:31:12+02:00 Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Skaftnesmo, Kai O. Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf B. Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom J. Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna 2021-04-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087537/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087537/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 Copyright © 2021 Skaftnesmo, Crespo, Kleppe, Andersson, Edvardsen, Norberg, Fjelldal, Hansen, Schulz and Wargelius. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 2021-05-09T00:41:02Z Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing stra8 on male fertility in Atlantic salmon. As in mammals, stra8 expression was restricted to germ cells in the testis, transcript levels increased during the start of puberty, and decreased when blocking the production of retinoic acid. We targeted the salmon stra8 gene with two gRNAs one of these were highly effective and produced numerous mutations in stra8, which led to a loss of wild-type (WT) stra8 expression in F0 salmon testis. In maturing stra8 crispants, the spermatogenetic tubuli were partially disorganized and displayed a sevenfold increase in germ cell apoptosis, in particular among type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The production of spermatogenic cysts, on the other hand, increased in maturing stra8 crispants. Gene expression analysis revealed unchanged (lin28a, ret) or reduced levels (egr1, dusp4) of transcripts associated with undifferentiated spermatogonia. Decreased expression was recorded for some genes expressed in differentiating spermatogonia including dmrt1 and ccnd2 or in spermatocytes, such as ccna1. Different from Stra8-deficient mammals, a large number of germ cells completed spermatogenesis, sperm was produced and fertilization rates were similar in WT and crispant males. While loss of stra8 increased germ cell apoptosis during salmon spermatogenesis, crispants compensated this cell loss by an elevated production of spermatogenic cysts, and were able to produce functional sperm. It appears that also in a fish species with a stra8 gene in the genome, the critical relevance this gene has attained for mammalian spermatogenesis is not yet given, although detrimental effects of the loss of stra8 were clearly visible during maturation. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 |
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English |
topic |
Cell and Developmental Biology |
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Cell and Developmental Biology Skaftnesmo, Kai O. Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf B. Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom J. Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
Cell and Developmental Biology |
description |
Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing stra8 on male fertility in Atlantic salmon. As in mammals, stra8 expression was restricted to germ cells in the testis, transcript levels increased during the start of puberty, and decreased when blocking the production of retinoic acid. We targeted the salmon stra8 gene with two gRNAs one of these were highly effective and produced numerous mutations in stra8, which led to a loss of wild-type (WT) stra8 expression in F0 salmon testis. In maturing stra8 crispants, the spermatogenetic tubuli were partially disorganized and displayed a sevenfold increase in germ cell apoptosis, in particular among type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The production of spermatogenic cysts, on the other hand, increased in maturing stra8 crispants. Gene expression analysis revealed unchanged (lin28a, ret) or reduced levels (egr1, dusp4) of transcripts associated with undifferentiated spermatogonia. Decreased expression was recorded for some genes expressed in differentiating spermatogonia including dmrt1 and ccnd2 or in spermatocytes, such as ccna1. Different from Stra8-deficient mammals, a large number of germ cells completed spermatogenesis, sperm was produced and fertilization rates were similar in WT and crispant males. While loss of stra8 increased germ cell apoptosis during salmon spermatogenesis, crispants compensated this cell loss by an elevated production of spermatogenic cysts, and were able to produce functional sperm. It appears that also in a fish species with a stra8 gene in the genome, the critical relevance this gene has attained for mammalian spermatogenesis is not yet given, although detrimental effects of the loss of stra8 were clearly visible during maturation. |
format |
Text |
author |
Skaftnesmo, Kai O. Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf B. Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom J. Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna |
author_facet |
Skaftnesmo, Kai O. Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf B. Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom J. Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna |
author_sort |
Skaftnesmo, Kai O. |
title |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
loss of stra8 increases germ cell apoptosis but is still compatible with sperm production in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087537/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Front Cell Dev Biol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087537/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2021 Skaftnesmo, Crespo, Kleppe, Andersson, Edvardsen, Norberg, Fjelldal, Hansen, Schulz and Wargelius. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
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Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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