An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L.
Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pel...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8073789 2023-05-15T16:51:17+02:00 An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. Dudek, Bettina Warskulat, Anne-Christin Vogel, Heiko Wielsch, Natalie Menezes, Riya Christina Hupfer, Yvonne Paetz, Christian Gebauer-Jung, Steffi Svatoš, Aleš Schneider, Bernd 2021-04-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073789/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084129 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073789/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084129 © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Int J Mol Sci Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084129 2021-05-02T00:53:59Z Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pelargonidin glycoside and indole, products of the flavonoid and indole/tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, respectively. To gain insight into the molecular and chemical basis of nudicaulin biosynthesis, we combined transcriptome, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE)-based proteome, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolome data of P. nudicaule petals with chemical investigations. We identified candidate genes and proteins for all biosynthetic steps as well as some key metabolites across five stages of petal development. Candidate genes of amino acid biosynthesis showed a relatively stable expression throughout petal development, whereas most candidate genes of flavonoid biosynthesis showed increasing expression during development followed by downregulation in the final stage. Notably, gene candidates of indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase (IGL), sharing characteristic sequence motifs with known plant IGL genes, were co-expressed with flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and are probably providing free indole. The fusion of indole with pelargonidin glycosides was retraced synthetically and promoted by high precursor concentrations, an excess of indole, and a specific glycosylation pattern of pelargonidin. Thus, nudicaulin biosynthesis combines the enzymatic steps of two different pathways with a spontaneous fusion of indole and pelargonidin glycoside under precisely tuned reaction conditions. Text Iceland PubMed Central (PMC) International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 8 4129 |
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Article Dudek, Bettina Warskulat, Anne-Christin Vogel, Heiko Wielsch, Natalie Menezes, Riya Christina Hupfer, Yvonne Paetz, Christian Gebauer-Jung, Steffi Svatoš, Aleš Schneider, Bernd An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. |
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Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pelargonidin glycoside and indole, products of the flavonoid and indole/tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, respectively. To gain insight into the molecular and chemical basis of nudicaulin biosynthesis, we combined transcriptome, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE)-based proteome, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolome data of P. nudicaule petals with chemical investigations. We identified candidate genes and proteins for all biosynthetic steps as well as some key metabolites across five stages of petal development. Candidate genes of amino acid biosynthesis showed a relatively stable expression throughout petal development, whereas most candidate genes of flavonoid biosynthesis showed increasing expression during development followed by downregulation in the final stage. Notably, gene candidates of indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase (IGL), sharing characteristic sequence motifs with known plant IGL genes, were co-expressed with flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and are probably providing free indole. The fusion of indole with pelargonidin glycosides was retraced synthetically and promoted by high precursor concentrations, an excess of indole, and a specific glycosylation pattern of pelargonidin. Thus, nudicaulin biosynthesis combines the enzymatic steps of two different pathways with a spontaneous fusion of indole and pelargonidin glycoside under precisely tuned reaction conditions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Dudek, Bettina Warskulat, Anne-Christin Vogel, Heiko Wielsch, Natalie Menezes, Riya Christina Hupfer, Yvonne Paetz, Christian Gebauer-Jung, Steffi Svatoš, Aleš Schneider, Bernd |
author_facet |
Dudek, Bettina Warskulat, Anne-Christin Vogel, Heiko Wielsch, Natalie Menezes, Riya Christina Hupfer, Yvonne Paetz, Christian Gebauer-Jung, Steffi Svatoš, Aleš Schneider, Bernd |
author_sort |
Dudek, Bettina |
title |
An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. |
title_short |
An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. |
title_full |
An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. |
title_fullStr |
An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. |
title_sort |
integrated—omics/chemistry approach unravels enzymatic and spontaneous steps to form flavoalkaloidal nudicaulin pigments in flowers of papaver nudicaule l. |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073789/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084129 |
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Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Int J Mol Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073789/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084129 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084129 |
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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22 |
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8 |
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4129 |
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1766041392191111168 |