In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8047078 2023-05-15T15:58:28+02:00 In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins Estrada, Norma Núñez-Vázquez, Erick J. Palacios, Alejandra Ascencio, Felipe Guzmán-Villanueva, Laura Contreras, Rubén G. 2021-04-01 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8047078/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8047078/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 Copyright © 2021 Estrada, Núñez-Vázquez, Palacios, Ascencio, Guzmán-Villanueva and Contreras. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Front Immunol Immunology Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 2021-04-18T00:53:47Z Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally. Text Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster PubMed Central (PMC) Pacific Frontiers in Immunology 12 |
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Immunology |
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Immunology Estrada, Norma Núñez-Vázquez, Erick J. Palacios, Alejandra Ascencio, Felipe Guzmán-Villanueva, Laura Contreras, Rubén G. In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
topic_facet |
Immunology |
description |
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally. |
format |
Text |
author |
Estrada, Norma Núñez-Vázquez, Erick J. Palacios, Alejandra Ascencio, Felipe Guzmán-Villanueva, Laura Contreras, Rubén G. |
author_facet |
Estrada, Norma Núñez-Vázquez, Erick J. Palacios, Alejandra Ascencio, Felipe Guzmán-Villanueva, Laura Contreras, Rubén G. |
author_sort |
Estrada, Norma |
title |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_short |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_full |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_fullStr |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_full_unstemmed |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_sort |
in vitro evaluation of programmed cell death in the immune system of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas by the effect of marine toxins |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8047078/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Front Immunol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8047078/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2021 Estrada, Núñez-Vázquez, Palacios, Ascencio, Guzmán-Villanueva and Contreras. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 |
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Frontiers in Immunology |
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12 |
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