Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic population has a higher body burden due to rel...
Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967253/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7967253 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7967253 2023-05-15T14:59:56+02:00 Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 Long, Manhai Wielsøe, Maria Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie 2021-03-09 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967253/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967253/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 2021-03-21T01:47:59Z Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic population has a higher body burden due to relatively high intake of marine mammals. We assessed the temporal trend for POPs, including PCB 153; 1,1-dichloro−2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p’-DDE); oxychlordane; six PFASs; mercury; lead and selenium in Inuit from Ilulissat, Nuuk, and across Greenland (including thirteen towns/districts), from 1994 to 2015. Data showed a significant annual decrease of 6.85–8.61% for PCB153, 6.67–8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 6.11–9.52% for oxychlordane, 5.92–6.76% for mercury and 6.48–9.43% for lead in Inuit women from Nuuk, Ilulissat, and across thirteen Greenlandic districts. The blood selenium level of all Greenlandic women increased 1.01% annually, while the trend direction was negative for Nuuk women. A similar pattern was seen for men across Greenland, with a yearly decrease of 11.3% for PCB 153, 8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 15.6% for oxychlordane, 13.1% for mercury and 12.2% for lead. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid significantly decreased 5.82–11.7% annually for both women and men across Greenland. For perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid, we observed an increasing trend for women across Greenland. In conclusion, there was a decreasing trend of the regulated POPs and metals but a potential increasing trend of the nonregulated PFASs in the Greenlandic population between 1994 and 2015. The continuing biomonitoring of contaminants of concern is important to protect the Arctic population heath. Text Arctic Arctic Population Greenland greenlandic Ilulissat inuit Nuuk PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Greenland Ilulissat ENVELOPE(-51.099,-51.099,69.220,69.220) Nuuk ENVELOPE(-52.150,-52.150,68.717,68.717) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 5 2774 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Article |
spellingShingle |
Article Long, Manhai Wielsøe, Maria Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 |
topic_facet |
Article |
description |
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic population has a higher body burden due to relatively high intake of marine mammals. We assessed the temporal trend for POPs, including PCB 153; 1,1-dichloro−2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p’-DDE); oxychlordane; six PFASs; mercury; lead and selenium in Inuit from Ilulissat, Nuuk, and across Greenland (including thirteen towns/districts), from 1994 to 2015. Data showed a significant annual decrease of 6.85–8.61% for PCB153, 6.67–8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 6.11–9.52% for oxychlordane, 5.92–6.76% for mercury and 6.48–9.43% for lead in Inuit women from Nuuk, Ilulissat, and across thirteen Greenlandic districts. The blood selenium level of all Greenlandic women increased 1.01% annually, while the trend direction was negative for Nuuk women. A similar pattern was seen for men across Greenland, with a yearly decrease of 11.3% for PCB 153, 8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 15.6% for oxychlordane, 13.1% for mercury and 12.2% for lead. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid significantly decreased 5.82–11.7% annually for both women and men across Greenland. For perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid, we observed an increasing trend for women across Greenland. In conclusion, there was a decreasing trend of the regulated POPs and metals but a potential increasing trend of the nonregulated PFASs in the Greenlandic population between 1994 and 2015. The continuing biomonitoring of contaminants of concern is important to protect the Arctic population heath. |
format |
Text |
author |
Long, Manhai Wielsøe, Maria Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie |
author_facet |
Long, Manhai Wielsøe, Maria Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie |
author_sort |
Long, Manhai |
title |
Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 |
title_short |
Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 |
title_full |
Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 |
title_fullStr |
Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015 |
title_sort |
time trend of persistent organic pollutants and metals in greenlandic inuit during 1994–2015 |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967253/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-51.099,-51.099,69.220,69.220) ENVELOPE(-52.150,-52.150,68.717,68.717) |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland Ilulissat Nuuk |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland Ilulissat Nuuk |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Population Greenland greenlandic Ilulissat inuit Nuuk |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Population Greenland greenlandic Ilulissat inuit Nuuk |
op_source |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967253/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052774 |
container_title |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
2774 |
_version_ |
1766332055966187520 |