Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone
UV filters are potentially harmful to marine organisms. Given their worldwide dissemination and the scarcity of studies on marine fish, we evaluated the toxicity of an organic (oxybenzone) and an inorganic (titanium dioxide nanoparticles) UV filter, individually and in a binary mixture, in the turbo...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7913899 2023-05-15T18:15:49+02:00 Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone Carvalhais, Ana Pereira, Bárbara Sabato, Mariangela Seixas, Rafaela Dolbeth, Marina Marques, Ana Guilherme, Sofia Pereira, Patrícia Pacheco, Mário Mieiro, Cláudia 2021-02-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913899/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557180 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041567 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913899/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557180 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041567 © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Int J Mol Sci Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041567 2021-03-07T02:05:50Z UV filters are potentially harmful to marine organisms. Given their worldwide dissemination and the scarcity of studies on marine fish, we evaluated the toxicity of an organic (oxybenzone) and an inorganic (titanium dioxide nanoparticles) UV filter, individually and in a binary mixture, in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish were intraperitoneally injected and a multi-level assessment was carried out 3 and 7 days later. Oxybenzone and titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced mild effects on turbot, both isolated and in mixture. Neither oxidative stress (intestine, liver and kidney) nor neurotoxicity (brain) was found. However, liver metabolic function was altered after 7 days, suggesting the impairment of the aerobic metabolism. An increased motility rate in oxybenzone treatment was the only behavioural alteration (day 7). The intestine and liver were preferentially targeted, while kidney and brain were unaffected. Both infra- and supra-additive interactions were perceived, with a toxicodynamic nature, resulting either in favourable or unfavourable toxicological outcomes, which were markedly dependent on the organ, parameter and post-injection time. The combined exposure to the UV filters did not show a consistent increment in toxicity in comparison with the isolated exposures, which is an ecologically relevant finding providing key information towards the formulation of environmentally safe sunscreen products. Text Scophthalmus maximus Turbot PubMed Central (PMC) International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 4 1567 |
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Article Carvalhais, Ana Pereira, Bárbara Sabato, Mariangela Seixas, Rafaela Dolbeth, Marina Marques, Ana Guilherme, Sofia Pereira, Patrícia Pacheco, Mário Mieiro, Cláudia Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone |
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description |
UV filters are potentially harmful to marine organisms. Given their worldwide dissemination and the scarcity of studies on marine fish, we evaluated the toxicity of an organic (oxybenzone) and an inorganic (titanium dioxide nanoparticles) UV filter, individually and in a binary mixture, in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish were intraperitoneally injected and a multi-level assessment was carried out 3 and 7 days later. Oxybenzone and titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced mild effects on turbot, both isolated and in mixture. Neither oxidative stress (intestine, liver and kidney) nor neurotoxicity (brain) was found. However, liver metabolic function was altered after 7 days, suggesting the impairment of the aerobic metabolism. An increased motility rate in oxybenzone treatment was the only behavioural alteration (day 7). The intestine and liver were preferentially targeted, while kidney and brain were unaffected. Both infra- and supra-additive interactions were perceived, with a toxicodynamic nature, resulting either in favourable or unfavourable toxicological outcomes, which were markedly dependent on the organ, parameter and post-injection time. The combined exposure to the UV filters did not show a consistent increment in toxicity in comparison with the isolated exposures, which is an ecologically relevant finding providing key information towards the formulation of environmentally safe sunscreen products. |
format |
Text |
author |
Carvalhais, Ana Pereira, Bárbara Sabato, Mariangela Seixas, Rafaela Dolbeth, Marina Marques, Ana Guilherme, Sofia Pereira, Patrícia Pacheco, Mário Mieiro, Cláudia |
author_facet |
Carvalhais, Ana Pereira, Bárbara Sabato, Mariangela Seixas, Rafaela Dolbeth, Marina Marques, Ana Guilherme, Sofia Pereira, Patrícia Pacheco, Mário Mieiro, Cláudia |
author_sort |
Carvalhais, Ana |
title |
Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone |
title_short |
Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone |
title_full |
Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone |
title_fullStr |
Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone |
title_sort |
mild effects of sunscreen agents on a marine flatfish: oxidative stress, energetic profiles, neurotoxicity and behaviour in response to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and oxybenzone |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913899/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557180 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041567 |
genre |
Scophthalmus maximus Turbot |
genre_facet |
Scophthalmus maximus Turbot |
op_source |
Int J Mol Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913899/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557180 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041567 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041567 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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22 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1567 |
_version_ |
1766189046838591488 |