Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans
The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infect...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7913828 2023-05-15T13:48:31+02:00 Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Arrieta, Jesús Maria Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria Montserrat 2021-02-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913828/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557117 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913828/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557117 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Microorganisms Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 2021-03-07T02:05:39Z The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column. Text Antarc* Antarctic Arctic PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Arctic Microorganisms 9 2 317 |
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Article Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Arrieta, Jesús Maria Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria Montserrat Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
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description |
The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column. |
format |
Text |
author |
Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Arrieta, Jesús Maria Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria Montserrat |
author_facet |
Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Arrieta, Jesús Maria Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria Montserrat |
author_sort |
Vaqué, Dolors |
title |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_short |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_full |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_sort |
enhanced viral activity in the surface microlayer of the arctic and antarctic oceans |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913828/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557117 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
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Antarctic Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
op_source |
Microorganisms |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913828/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557117 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
op_rights |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
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Microorganisms |
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9 |
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317 |
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1766249396109836288 |