Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects
Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO(2) are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7815143 2023-05-15T17:49:40+02:00 Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. 2021-01-19 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7815143/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33465064 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7815143/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33465064 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 © 2021 Nagelkerken et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY PLoS Biol Research Article Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 2021-01-31T01:28:34Z Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO(2) are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO(2) vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO(2) on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO(2) vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO(2) were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. Text Ocean acidification PubMed Central (PMC) PLOS Biology 19 1 e3001033 |
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Research Article Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
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Research Article |
description |
Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO(2) are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO(2) vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO(2) on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO(2) vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO(2) were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. |
author_facet |
Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. |
author_sort |
Nagelkerken, Ivan |
title |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_short |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_full |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_sort |
ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7815143/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33465064 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
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Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
PLoS Biol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7815143/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33465064 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
op_rights |
© 2021 Nagelkerken et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
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PLOS Biology |
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19 |
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e3001033 |
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