Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses
BACKGROUND: The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7807429 2023-05-15T17:54:18+02:00 Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses Dupont, S. Lokmer, A. Corre, E. Auguet, J.-C. Petton, B. Toulza, E. Montagnani, C. Tanguy, G. Pecqueur, D. Salmeron, C. Guillou, L. Desnues, C. La Scola, B. Bou Khalil, J. de Lorgeril, J. Mitta, G. Gueguen, Y. Escoubas, J.-M. 2020-04-28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7807429/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7807429/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Anim Microbiome Research Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w 2021-01-24T01:27:27Z BACKGROUND: The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with each other as well as with the host and the environment, therefore likely affecting the host health. RESULTS: We set out to explore how environmental and host factors shape the composition and diversity of bacterial, protist and viral microbial communities in the Pacific oyster hemolymph, both in health and disease. To do so, five oyster families differing in susceptibility to the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome were reared in hatchery and transplanted into a natural environment either before or during a disease outbreak. Using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we demonstrate that hemolymph can be considered as an ecological niche hosting bacterial, protist and viral communities, each of them shaped by different factors and distinct from the corresponding communities in the surrounding seawater. Overall, we found that hemolymph microbiota is more strongly shaped by the environment than by host genetic background. Co-occurrence network analyses suggest a disruption of the microbial network after transplantation into natural environment during both non-infectious and infectious periods. Whereas we could not identify a common microbial community signature for healthy animals, OsHV-1 μVar virus dominated the hemolymph virome during the disease outbreak, without significant modifications of other microbiota components. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that oyster hemolymph is a complex ecosystem containing diverse bacteria, protists and viruses, whose composition and dynamics are primarily determined by the environment. However, all of these are also shaped by oyster genetic backgrounds, indicating they indeed interact with the oyster host and are therefore not only of transient character. Although it seems that the ... Text Pacific oyster PubMed Central (PMC) Pacific Animal Microbiome 2 1 |
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Research Article Dupont, S. Lokmer, A. Corre, E. Auguet, J.-C. Petton, B. Toulza, E. Montagnani, C. Tanguy, G. Pecqueur, D. Salmeron, C. Guillou, L. Desnues, C. La Scola, B. Bou Khalil, J. de Lorgeril, J. Mitta, G. Gueguen, Y. Escoubas, J.-M. Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
BACKGROUND: The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with each other as well as with the host and the environment, therefore likely affecting the host health. RESULTS: We set out to explore how environmental and host factors shape the composition and diversity of bacterial, protist and viral microbial communities in the Pacific oyster hemolymph, both in health and disease. To do so, five oyster families differing in susceptibility to the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome were reared in hatchery and transplanted into a natural environment either before or during a disease outbreak. Using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we demonstrate that hemolymph can be considered as an ecological niche hosting bacterial, protist and viral communities, each of them shaped by different factors and distinct from the corresponding communities in the surrounding seawater. Overall, we found that hemolymph microbiota is more strongly shaped by the environment than by host genetic background. Co-occurrence network analyses suggest a disruption of the microbial network after transplantation into natural environment during both non-infectious and infectious periods. Whereas we could not identify a common microbial community signature for healthy animals, OsHV-1 μVar virus dominated the hemolymph virome during the disease outbreak, without significant modifications of other microbiota components. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that oyster hemolymph is a complex ecosystem containing diverse bacteria, protists and viruses, whose composition and dynamics are primarily determined by the environment. However, all of these are also shaped by oyster genetic backgrounds, indicating they indeed interact with the oyster host and are therefore not only of transient character. Although it seems that the ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Dupont, S. Lokmer, A. Corre, E. Auguet, J.-C. Petton, B. Toulza, E. Montagnani, C. Tanguy, G. Pecqueur, D. Salmeron, C. Guillou, L. Desnues, C. La Scola, B. Bou Khalil, J. de Lorgeril, J. Mitta, G. Gueguen, Y. Escoubas, J.-M. |
author_facet |
Dupont, S. Lokmer, A. Corre, E. Auguet, J.-C. Petton, B. Toulza, E. Montagnani, C. Tanguy, G. Pecqueur, D. Salmeron, C. Guillou, L. Desnues, C. La Scola, B. Bou Khalil, J. de Lorgeril, J. Mitta, G. Gueguen, Y. Escoubas, J.-M. |
author_sort |
Dupont, S. |
title |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_short |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_full |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_fullStr |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_sort |
oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7807429/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Anim Microbiome |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7807429/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w |
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Animal Microbiome |
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2 |
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