Rapid Manipulation in Irradiance Induces Oxidative Free-Radical Release in a Fast-Ice Algal Community (McMurdo Sound, Antarctica)
Sea ice supports a unique assemblage of microorganisms that underpin Antarctic coastal food-webs, but reduced ice thickness coupled with increased snow cover will modify energy flow and could lead to photodamage in ice-associated microalgae. In this study, microsensors were used to examine the influ...
| Published in: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Text |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723870/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33324435 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.588005 |
| Summary: | Sea ice supports a unique assemblage of microorganisms that underpin Antarctic coastal food-webs, but reduced ice thickness coupled with increased snow cover will modify energy flow and could lead to photodamage in ice-associated microalgae. In this study, microsensors were used to examine the influence of rapid shifts in irradiance on extracellular oxidative free radicals produced by sea-ice algae. Bottom-ice algal communities were exposed to one of three levels of incident light for 10 days: low (0.5 μmol photons m(−2) s(−1), 30 cm snow cover), mid-range (5 μmol photons m(−2) s(−1), 10 cm snow), or high light (13 μmol photons m(−2) s(−1), no snow). After 10 days, the snow cover was reversed (either removed or added), resulting in a rapid change in irradiance at the ice-water interface. In treatments acclimated to low light, the subsequent exposure to high irradiance resulted in a ~400× increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and a 10× increase in nitric oxide (NO) concentration after 24 h. The observed increase in oxidative free radicals also resulted in significant changes in photosynthetic electron flow, RNA-oxidative damage, and community structural dynamics. In contrast, there was no significant response in sea-ice algae acclimated to high light and then exposed to a significantly lower irradiance at either 24 or 72 h. Our results demonstrate that microsensors can be used to track real-time in-situ stress in sea-ice microbial communities. Extrapolating to ecologically relevant spatiotemporal scales remains a significant challenge, but this approach offers a fundamentally enhanced level of resolution for quantifying the microbial response to global change. |
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