SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies
We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7700607 2023-05-15T15:07:35+02:00 SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies Jorge Ruiz, Jorge Vehmas, Risto Lemmetyinen, Juha Uusitalo, Josu Lahtinen, Janne Lehtinen, Kari Kontu, Anna Rautiainen, Kimmo Tarvainen, Riku Pulliainen, Jouni Praks, Jaan 2020-11-23 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238544 https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238544 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Sensors (Basel) Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 2020-12-06T02:04:18Z We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)-operated scatterometer mounted on a rail allowing the formation of SAR images, including interferometric pairs separated by a temporal baseline. We present the description of the radar, the applied SAR focusing technique, the radar calibration and measurement stability analysis. Measured stability of the backscattering intensity over a three-month period was observed to be better than 0.5 dB, when measuring a target with a known radar cross section. Deviations of the estimated target range were in the order of a few cm over the same period, indicating also good stability of the measured phase. Interforometric SAR (InSAR) capabilities are also discussed, and as a example, the coherence of subsequent SAR acquisitions over the observed boreal forest stand are analyzed over increasing temporal baselines. The analysis shows good conservation of coherence in particular at L-band, while higher frequencies are susceptible to loss of coherence in particular for dense vegetation. The potential of the instrument for satellite calibration and validation activities is also discussed. Text Arctic Sodankylä PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) Sensors 20 22 6702 |
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Article Jorge Ruiz, Jorge Vehmas, Risto Lemmetyinen, Juha Uusitalo, Josu Lahtinen, Janne Lehtinen, Kari Kontu, Anna Rautiainen, Kimmo Tarvainen, Riku Pulliainen, Jouni Praks, Jaan SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
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Article |
description |
We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)-operated scatterometer mounted on a rail allowing the formation of SAR images, including interferometric pairs separated by a temporal baseline. We present the description of the radar, the applied SAR focusing technique, the radar calibration and measurement stability analysis. Measured stability of the backscattering intensity over a three-month period was observed to be better than 0.5 dB, when measuring a target with a known radar cross section. Deviations of the estimated target range were in the order of a few cm over the same period, indicating also good stability of the measured phase. Interforometric SAR (InSAR) capabilities are also discussed, and as a example, the coherence of subsequent SAR acquisitions over the observed boreal forest stand are analyzed over increasing temporal baselines. The analysis shows good conservation of coherence in particular at L-band, while higher frequencies are susceptible to loss of coherence in particular for dense vegetation. The potential of the instrument for satellite calibration and validation activities is also discussed. |
format |
Text |
author |
Jorge Ruiz, Jorge Vehmas, Risto Lemmetyinen, Juha Uusitalo, Josu Lahtinen, Janne Lehtinen, Kari Kontu, Anna Rautiainen, Kimmo Tarvainen, Riku Pulliainen, Jouni Praks, Jaan |
author_facet |
Jorge Ruiz, Jorge Vehmas, Risto Lemmetyinen, Juha Uusitalo, Josu Lahtinen, Janne Lehtinen, Kari Kontu, Anna Rautiainen, Kimmo Tarvainen, Riku Pulliainen, Jouni Praks, Jaan |
author_sort |
Jorge Ruiz, Jorge |
title |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_short |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_full |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_fullStr |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_sort |
sodsar: a tower-based 1–10 ghz sar system for snow, soil and vegetation studies |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238544 https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
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Arctic Sodankylä |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
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Arctic Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
op_source |
Sensors (Basel) |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238544 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
op_rights |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
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Sensors |
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6702 |
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