Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils
The Antarctic continent is widely considered to be one of the most hostile biological habitats on Earth. Despite extreme environmental conditions, the ice-free areas of the continent, which constitute some 0.44% of the total continental land area, harbour substantial and diverse communities of macro...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7564152 2023-05-15T14:00:43+02:00 Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils Ortiz, Max Bosch, Jason Coclet, Clément Johnson, Jenny Lebre, Pedro Salawu-Rotimi, Adeola Vikram, Surendra Makhalanyane, Thulani Cowan, Don 2020-09-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564152/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967081 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091442 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564152/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091442 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Microorganisms Review Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091442 2020-11-01T01:27:42Z The Antarctic continent is widely considered to be one of the most hostile biological habitats on Earth. Despite extreme environmental conditions, the ice-free areas of the continent, which constitute some 0.44% of the total continental land area, harbour substantial and diverse communities of macro-organisms and especially microorganisms, particularly in the more “hospitable” maritime regions. In the more extreme non-maritime regions, exemplified by the McMurdo Dry Valleys of South Victoria Land, nutrient cycling and ecosystem servicing processes in soils are largely driven by microbial communities. Nitrogen turnover is a cornerstone of ecosystem servicing. In Antarctic continental soils, specifically those lacking macrophytes, cold-active free-living diazotrophic microorganisms, particularly Cyanobacteria, are keystone taxa. The diazotrophs are complemented by heterotrophic bacterial and archaeal taxa which show the genetic capacity to perform elements of the entire N cycle, including nitrification processes such as the anammox reaction. Here, we review the current literature on nitrogen cycling genes, taxa, processes and rates from studies of Antarctic soils. In particular, we highlight the current gaps in our knowledge of the scale and contribution of these processes in south polar soils as critical data to underpin viable predictions of how such processes may alter under the impacts of future climate change. Text Antarc* Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys Victoria Land PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys The Antarctic Victoria Land Microorganisms 8 9 1442 |
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Review Ortiz, Max Bosch, Jason Coclet, Clément Johnson, Jenny Lebre, Pedro Salawu-Rotimi, Adeola Vikram, Surendra Makhalanyane, Thulani Cowan, Don Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils |
topic_facet |
Review |
description |
The Antarctic continent is widely considered to be one of the most hostile biological habitats on Earth. Despite extreme environmental conditions, the ice-free areas of the continent, which constitute some 0.44% of the total continental land area, harbour substantial and diverse communities of macro-organisms and especially microorganisms, particularly in the more “hospitable” maritime regions. In the more extreme non-maritime regions, exemplified by the McMurdo Dry Valleys of South Victoria Land, nutrient cycling and ecosystem servicing processes in soils are largely driven by microbial communities. Nitrogen turnover is a cornerstone of ecosystem servicing. In Antarctic continental soils, specifically those lacking macrophytes, cold-active free-living diazotrophic microorganisms, particularly Cyanobacteria, are keystone taxa. The diazotrophs are complemented by heterotrophic bacterial and archaeal taxa which show the genetic capacity to perform elements of the entire N cycle, including nitrification processes such as the anammox reaction. Here, we review the current literature on nitrogen cycling genes, taxa, processes and rates from studies of Antarctic soils. In particular, we highlight the current gaps in our knowledge of the scale and contribution of these processes in south polar soils as critical data to underpin viable predictions of how such processes may alter under the impacts of future climate change. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ortiz, Max Bosch, Jason Coclet, Clément Johnson, Jenny Lebre, Pedro Salawu-Rotimi, Adeola Vikram, Surendra Makhalanyane, Thulani Cowan, Don |
author_facet |
Ortiz, Max Bosch, Jason Coclet, Clément Johnson, Jenny Lebre, Pedro Salawu-Rotimi, Adeola Vikram, Surendra Makhalanyane, Thulani Cowan, Don |
author_sort |
Ortiz, Max |
title |
Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils |
title_short |
Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils |
title_full |
Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils |
title_fullStr |
Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in Antarctic Soils |
title_sort |
microbial nitrogen cycling in antarctic soils |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564152/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967081 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091442 |
geographic |
Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys The Antarctic Victoria Land |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys The Antarctic Victoria Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys Victoria Land |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys Victoria Land |
op_source |
Microorganisms |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564152/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091442 |
op_rights |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091442 |
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Microorganisms |
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1442 |
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