Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
To convert external light into internal neural signal, vertebrates rely on a special group of proteins, the visual opsins. Four of the five types of visual opsins—short-wavelength sensitive 1 (Sws1), short-wavelength sensitive 2 (Sws2), medium-wavelength sensitive (Rh2), and long-wavelength sensitiv...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7553354 2023-05-15T13:58:57+02:00 Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Chang, Chia-Hao Wang, Yu-Chun Shao, Yi Ta Liu, Shih-Hui 2020-10-13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553354/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048954 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240313 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553354/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240313 © 2020 Chang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY PLoS One Research Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240313 2020-10-25T00:30:46Z To convert external light into internal neural signal, vertebrates rely on a special group of proteins, the visual opsins. Four of the five types of visual opsins—short-wavelength sensitive 1 (Sws1), short-wavelength sensitive 2 (Sws2), medium-wavelength sensitive (Rh2), and long-wavelength sensitive (Lws)—are expressed in cone cells for scotopic vision, with the fifth, rhodopsin (Rh1), being expressed in rod cells for photopic vision. Fish often display differing ontogenetic cone opsin expression profiles, which may be related to dietary and/or habitat ontogenetic shift. The western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is an aggressive invader that has successfully colonized every continent except Antarctica. The strong invasiveness of this species may be linked to its visual acuity since it can inhabit turbid waters better than other fishes. By genome screening and transcriptome analysis, we identify seven cone opsin genes in the western mosquitofish, including one sws1, two sws2, one rh2, and three lws. The predicted maximal absorbance wavelength (λ(max)) values of the respective proteins are 353 nm for Sws1, 449 nm for Sws2a, 408 nm for Sws2b, 516 nm for Rh2-1, 571 nm for Lws-1, and 519 nm for Lws-3. Retention of an intron in the lws-r transcript likely renders this visual opsin gene non-functional. Our real-time quantitative PCR demonstrates that adult male and female western mosquitofish do not differ in their cone opsin expression profiles, but we do reveal an ontogenetic shift in cone opsin expression. Compared to adults, larvae express proportionally more sws1 and less lws-1, suggesting that the western mosquitofish is more sensitive to shorter wavelengths in the larval stage, but becomes more sensitive to longer wavelengths in adulthood. Text Antarc* Antarctica PubMed Central (PMC) PLOS ONE 15 10 e0240313 |
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Research Article Chang, Chia-Hao Wang, Yu-Chun Shao, Yi Ta Liu, Shih-Hui Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) |
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Research Article |
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To convert external light into internal neural signal, vertebrates rely on a special group of proteins, the visual opsins. Four of the five types of visual opsins—short-wavelength sensitive 1 (Sws1), short-wavelength sensitive 2 (Sws2), medium-wavelength sensitive (Rh2), and long-wavelength sensitive (Lws)—are expressed in cone cells for scotopic vision, with the fifth, rhodopsin (Rh1), being expressed in rod cells for photopic vision. Fish often display differing ontogenetic cone opsin expression profiles, which may be related to dietary and/or habitat ontogenetic shift. The western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is an aggressive invader that has successfully colonized every continent except Antarctica. The strong invasiveness of this species may be linked to its visual acuity since it can inhabit turbid waters better than other fishes. By genome screening and transcriptome analysis, we identify seven cone opsin genes in the western mosquitofish, including one sws1, two sws2, one rh2, and three lws. The predicted maximal absorbance wavelength (λ(max)) values of the respective proteins are 353 nm for Sws1, 449 nm for Sws2a, 408 nm for Sws2b, 516 nm for Rh2-1, 571 nm for Lws-1, and 519 nm for Lws-3. Retention of an intron in the lws-r transcript likely renders this visual opsin gene non-functional. Our real-time quantitative PCR demonstrates that adult male and female western mosquitofish do not differ in their cone opsin expression profiles, but we do reveal an ontogenetic shift in cone opsin expression. Compared to adults, larvae express proportionally more sws1 and less lws-1, suggesting that the western mosquitofish is more sensitive to shorter wavelengths in the larval stage, but becomes more sensitive to longer wavelengths in adulthood. |
format |
Text |
author |
Chang, Chia-Hao Wang, Yu-Chun Shao, Yi Ta Liu, Shih-Hui |
author_facet |
Chang, Chia-Hao Wang, Yu-Chun Shao, Yi Ta Liu, Shih-Hui |
author_sort |
Chang, Chia-Hao |
title |
Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) |
title_short |
Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) |
title_full |
Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) |
title_fullStr |
Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) |
title_sort |
phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553354/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048954 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240313 |
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Antarc* Antarctica |
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Antarc* Antarctica |
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PLoS One |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553354/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240313 |
op_rights |
© 2020 Chang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240313 |
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PLOS ONE |
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15 |
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10 |
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