Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments
Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investiga...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7552059 2023-05-15T15:43:51+02:00 Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments Heinrichs, Mara E. Tebbe, Dennis A. Wemheuer, Bernd Niggemann, Jutta Engelen, Bert 2020-08-22 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552059/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842650 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552059/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842650 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Viruses Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 2020-10-18T00:38:35Z Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of viruses on the composition of bacterial communities and the pool of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by setting up virus-induction experiments using mitomycin C with sediments from the seafloor of the Bering Sea. At the sediment surface, no substantial prophage induction was detected, while incubations from 20 cm below seafloor showed a doubling of the virus-to-cell ratio. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed an imprint of cell lysis on the molecular composition of DOM, showing an increase of molecular formulas typical for common biomolecules. More than 50% of these compounds were removed or transformed during incubation. The remaining material potentially contributed to the pool of refractory DOM. Next generation sequencing of the bacterial communities from the induction experiment showed a stable composition over time. In contrast, in the non-treated controls the abundance of dominant taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria) increased at the expense of less abundant phyla. Thus, we conclude that viral lysis was an important driver in sustaining bacterial diversity, consistent with the “killing the winner” model. Text Bering Sea PubMed Central (PMC) Bering Sea Viruses 12 9 922 |
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Article Heinrichs, Mara E. Tebbe, Dennis A. Wemheuer, Bernd Niggemann, Jutta Engelen, Bert Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
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Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of viruses on the composition of bacterial communities and the pool of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by setting up virus-induction experiments using mitomycin C with sediments from the seafloor of the Bering Sea. At the sediment surface, no substantial prophage induction was detected, while incubations from 20 cm below seafloor showed a doubling of the virus-to-cell ratio. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed an imprint of cell lysis on the molecular composition of DOM, showing an increase of molecular formulas typical for common biomolecules. More than 50% of these compounds were removed or transformed during incubation. The remaining material potentially contributed to the pool of refractory DOM. Next generation sequencing of the bacterial communities from the induction experiment showed a stable composition over time. In contrast, in the non-treated controls the abundance of dominant taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria) increased at the expense of less abundant phyla. Thus, we conclude that viral lysis was an important driver in sustaining bacterial diversity, consistent with the “killing the winner” model. |
format |
Text |
author |
Heinrichs, Mara E. Tebbe, Dennis A. Wemheuer, Bernd Niggemann, Jutta Engelen, Bert |
author_facet |
Heinrichs, Mara E. Tebbe, Dennis A. Wemheuer, Bernd Niggemann, Jutta Engelen, Bert |
author_sort |
Heinrichs, Mara E. |
title |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_short |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_full |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_fullStr |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_sort |
impact of viral lysis on the composition of bacterial communities and dissolved organic matter in deep-sea sediments |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552059/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842650 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 |
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Bering Sea |
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Bering Sea |
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Bering Sea |
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Bering Sea |
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Viruses |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552059/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842650 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 |
op_rights |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 |
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