The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study
BACKGROUND: The health, social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have loomed large as every national government made decisions about how to respond. The 40 Health Systems, Covid-19 (40HS.C-19) Study aimed to investigate relationships between governments’ capacity to respond (CTR), t...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7543416 2023-05-15T16:51:53+02:00 The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study Braithwaite, Jeffrey Tran, Yvonne Ellis, Louise A Westbrook, Johanna 2020-09-30 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543416/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991713 https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113 en eng Oxford University Press http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543416/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991713 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections. Int J Qual Health Care Research Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113 2020-10-11T00:40:15Z BACKGROUND: The health, social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have loomed large as every national government made decisions about how to respond. The 40 Health Systems, Covid-19 (40HS.C-19) Study aimed to investigate relationships between governments’ capacity to respond (CTR), their response stringency, scope of COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: Data to April 2020 were extracted for 40 national health systems on pre-pandemic government capacity to respond (CTR) (Global Competitiveness Index), stringency measures (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker Stringency Index), approach to COVID-19 testing and COVID-19 cases and deaths (Our-World-in-Data). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis were applied to examine latent dimensions and visualise country similarities and dissimilarities. Outcomes were tested using multivariate and one-way analyses of variances and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. RESULTS: The MDS model found three dimensions explaining 91% of the variance and cluster analysis identified five national groupings. There was no association between national governments’ pre-pandemic CTR and the adoption of early stringent public health measures or approach to COVID-19 testing. Two national clusters applied early stringency measures and reported significantly lower cumulative deaths. The best performing national cluster (comprising Australia, South Korea, Iceland and Taiwan) adopted relatively early stringency measures but broader testing earlier than others which was associated with a change in disease trajectory and the lowest COVID-19 death rates. Two clusters (one with high CTR and one low) both adopted late stringency measures and narrow testing and performed least well in COVID-19 outcomes. CONCLUSION: Early stringency measures and intrinsic national capacities to deal with a pandemic are insufficient. Extended stringency measures, important in the short-term, are not economically sustainable. Broad-based testing is key to managing COVID-19. Text Iceland PubMed Central (PMC) International Journal for Quality in Health Care 33 1 |
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Research Article Braithwaite, Jeffrey Tran, Yvonne Ellis, Louise A Westbrook, Johanna The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study |
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Research Article |
description |
BACKGROUND: The health, social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have loomed large as every national government made decisions about how to respond. The 40 Health Systems, Covid-19 (40HS.C-19) Study aimed to investigate relationships between governments’ capacity to respond (CTR), their response stringency, scope of COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: Data to April 2020 were extracted for 40 national health systems on pre-pandemic government capacity to respond (CTR) (Global Competitiveness Index), stringency measures (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker Stringency Index), approach to COVID-19 testing and COVID-19 cases and deaths (Our-World-in-Data). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis were applied to examine latent dimensions and visualise country similarities and dissimilarities. Outcomes were tested using multivariate and one-way analyses of variances and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. RESULTS: The MDS model found three dimensions explaining 91% of the variance and cluster analysis identified five national groupings. There was no association between national governments’ pre-pandemic CTR and the adoption of early stringent public health measures or approach to COVID-19 testing. Two national clusters applied early stringency measures and reported significantly lower cumulative deaths. The best performing national cluster (comprising Australia, South Korea, Iceland and Taiwan) adopted relatively early stringency measures but broader testing earlier than others which was associated with a change in disease trajectory and the lowest COVID-19 death rates. Two clusters (one with high CTR and one low) both adopted late stringency measures and narrow testing and performed least well in COVID-19 outcomes. CONCLUSION: Early stringency measures and intrinsic national capacities to deal with a pandemic are insufficient. Extended stringency measures, important in the short-term, are not economically sustainable. Broad-based testing is key to managing COVID-19. |
format |
Text |
author |
Braithwaite, Jeffrey Tran, Yvonne Ellis, Louise A Westbrook, Johanna |
author_facet |
Braithwaite, Jeffrey Tran, Yvonne Ellis, Louise A Westbrook, Johanna |
author_sort |
Braithwaite, Jeffrey |
title |
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study |
title_short |
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study |
title_full |
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study |
title_fullStr |
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study |
title_full_unstemmed |
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study |
title_sort |
40 health systems, covid-19 (40hs, c-19) study |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543416/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991713 https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Int J Qual Health Care |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543416/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991713 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113 |
container_title |
International Journal for Quality in Health Care |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766042007647551488 |