Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks
To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7526923 2023-05-15T17:48:38+02:00 Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks Kreutzfeldt, Jannes Floeter, Carolin Lingner, Thies Schmitz-Beuting, Lukas Reich, Michael Kunz, Veit Dominik 2020-09-30 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526923/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32997717 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526923/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32997717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 © 2020 Kreutzfeldt et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY PLoS One Research Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 2020-10-11T00:24:27Z To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies, offer a promising potential, but come with challenges regarding the comparability of measurements and noise interference (ground clutter) from objects within detection range. This paper presents improvements of a commercially available inexpensive pulse radar for 3D spatial detection of bat-sized objects in onshore wind parks. A new analytical spatial detection volume model is presented incorporating calibrated radar data and landscape parameters such as clutter. Computer simulation programs to process the analytical spatial detection volume model were developed. For model calibration, the minimum signal power of the radar was experimentally determined with the radar cross section (RCS) of an artificial bat (similar to Nyctalus noctula), resulting in a maximum detection range of 800 m and a corresponding RCS of 12.7 cm². Additionally, the spatial volume for radar detection was optimized with a clutter shielding fence (CSF). Adjusting the volume model by incorporating a theoretical model of the CSF, an extension of the detection volume by a factor of 2.5 was achieved, while the total volume of a 105° horizontal angular radar image section yields 0.0105 km³. Extrapolation and comparison with state-of-the-art acoustic bat detection result in a 270 times larger volume, confirming the large-scale detection capabilities of the pulse radar. Text Nyctalus noctula PubMed Central (PMC) PLOS ONE 15 9 e0239911 |
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Research Article Kreutzfeldt, Jannes Floeter, Carolin Lingner, Thies Schmitz-Beuting, Lukas Reich, Michael Kunz, Veit Dominik Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
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Research Article |
description |
To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies, offer a promising potential, but come with challenges regarding the comparability of measurements and noise interference (ground clutter) from objects within detection range. This paper presents improvements of a commercially available inexpensive pulse radar for 3D spatial detection of bat-sized objects in onshore wind parks. A new analytical spatial detection volume model is presented incorporating calibrated radar data and landscape parameters such as clutter. Computer simulation programs to process the analytical spatial detection volume model were developed. For model calibration, the minimum signal power of the radar was experimentally determined with the radar cross section (RCS) of an artificial bat (similar to Nyctalus noctula), resulting in a maximum detection range of 800 m and a corresponding RCS of 12.7 cm². Additionally, the spatial volume for radar detection was optimized with a clutter shielding fence (CSF). Adjusting the volume model by incorporating a theoretical model of the CSF, an extension of the detection volume by a factor of 2.5 was achieved, while the total volume of a 105° horizontal angular radar image section yields 0.0105 km³. Extrapolation and comparison with state-of-the-art acoustic bat detection result in a 270 times larger volume, confirming the large-scale detection capabilities of the pulse radar. |
format |
Text |
author |
Kreutzfeldt, Jannes Floeter, Carolin Lingner, Thies Schmitz-Beuting, Lukas Reich, Michael Kunz, Veit Dominik |
author_facet |
Kreutzfeldt, Jannes Floeter, Carolin Lingner, Thies Schmitz-Beuting, Lukas Reich, Michael Kunz, Veit Dominik |
author_sort |
Kreutzfeldt, Jannes |
title |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_short |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_full |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_fullStr |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_sort |
analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526923/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32997717 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 |
genre |
Nyctalus noctula |
genre_facet |
Nyctalus noctula |
op_source |
PLoS One |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526923/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32997717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 |
op_rights |
© 2020 Kreutzfeldt et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 |
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PLOS ONE |
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15 |
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e0239911 |
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