A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program
The Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) is a concept to deliver four crew to the lunar surface for a minimum of seven days and then return them safely to Earth. FLARE can be implemented whenever the component vehicles are operational. FLARE was developed as an alternative to NASA...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7385728 2023-05-15T18:23:16+02:00 A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program Evans, Michael E. Graham, Lee D. 2020-07-28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385728/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.032 en eng IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385728/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.032 © 2020 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. Acta Astronaut Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.032 2020-08-02T00:35:20Z The Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) is a concept to deliver four crew to the lunar surface for a minimum of seven days and then return them safely to Earth. FLARE can be implemented whenever the component vehicles are operational. FLARE was developed as an alternative to NASA's Human Landing System (HLS) reference architecture from the Design Analysis Cycle (DAC) #2 created in 2019. The DAC2 guidelines required utilization of the Gateway vehicle in a Near- Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO). Instead, FLARE chooses a Low Lunar Frozen Polar Orbit (LLFPO) for lunar rendezvous of components, and an optional Gateway vehicle. The LLFPO provides a stable orbit that overflies the south pole every 2 h, ensuring easy access to the lunar surface for surface aborts with a much lower propellant requirement than NRHO. The minimum FLARE concept uses one Space Launch System (SLS) launch, one Orion, one European Service Module (ESM), and one human lander (launched on commercial vehicle(s)). FLARE adds the SpaceTug, based upon the mature and successful ULA “Common” Centaur Upper Stage vehicle, with modifications to create an Earth-Moon transfer vehicle. In the FLARE baseline mission, the SpaceTug provides propulsion needed to return the Orion + ESM from LLFPO to Earth. The SpaceTug also provides propulsion to deliver the separate human lander components – the Descent Element (DE) and the Ascent Element (AE) - from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to LLFPO. The SLS Block 1 then launches the Orion + ESM and completes a rendezvous with the mated DE + AE components in LLFPO. FLARE offers optional phases beyond the baseline mission. The SpaceTug can deliver components of the planned Gateway, including the Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) and the Habitable and Logistics Outpost (HALO), to LLFPO. FLARE provides an option to deliver precursor equipment to the lunar surface to enhance and extend the human mission. With these components, including an inflatable habitation module and airlock, individual crew mobility vehicle(s), an ... Text South pole PubMed Central (PMC) Orion ENVELOPE(-59.800,-59.800,-62.438,-62.438) South Pole Ula ENVELOPE(-57.139,-57.139,-64.086,-64.086) Acta Astronautica 177 351 372 |
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Article Evans, Michael E. Graham, Lee D. A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program |
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Article |
description |
The Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) is a concept to deliver four crew to the lunar surface for a minimum of seven days and then return them safely to Earth. FLARE can be implemented whenever the component vehicles are operational. FLARE was developed as an alternative to NASA's Human Landing System (HLS) reference architecture from the Design Analysis Cycle (DAC) #2 created in 2019. The DAC2 guidelines required utilization of the Gateway vehicle in a Near- Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO). Instead, FLARE chooses a Low Lunar Frozen Polar Orbit (LLFPO) for lunar rendezvous of components, and an optional Gateway vehicle. The LLFPO provides a stable orbit that overflies the south pole every 2 h, ensuring easy access to the lunar surface for surface aborts with a much lower propellant requirement than NRHO. The minimum FLARE concept uses one Space Launch System (SLS) launch, one Orion, one European Service Module (ESM), and one human lander (launched on commercial vehicle(s)). FLARE adds the SpaceTug, based upon the mature and successful ULA “Common” Centaur Upper Stage vehicle, with modifications to create an Earth-Moon transfer vehicle. In the FLARE baseline mission, the SpaceTug provides propulsion needed to return the Orion + ESM from LLFPO to Earth. The SpaceTug also provides propulsion to deliver the separate human lander components – the Descent Element (DE) and the Ascent Element (AE) - from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to LLFPO. The SLS Block 1 then launches the Orion + ESM and completes a rendezvous with the mated DE + AE components in LLFPO. FLARE offers optional phases beyond the baseline mission. The SpaceTug can deliver components of the planned Gateway, including the Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) and the Habitable and Logistics Outpost (HALO), to LLFPO. FLARE provides an option to deliver precursor equipment to the lunar surface to enhance and extend the human mission. With these components, including an inflatable habitation module and airlock, individual crew mobility vehicle(s), an ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Evans, Michael E. Graham, Lee D. |
author_facet |
Evans, Michael E. Graham, Lee D. |
author_sort |
Evans, Michael E. |
title |
A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program |
title_short |
A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program |
title_full |
A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program |
title_fullStr |
A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Flexible Lunar Architecture for Exploration (FLARE) supporting NASA's Artemis Program |
title_sort |
flexible lunar architecture for exploration (flare) supporting nasa's artemis program |
publisher |
IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385728/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.032 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.800,-59.800,-62.438,-62.438) ENVELOPE(-57.139,-57.139,-64.086,-64.086) |
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Orion South Pole Ula |
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Orion South Pole Ula |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
Acta Astronaut |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385728/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.032 |
op_rights |
© 2020 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.032 |
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Acta Astronautica |
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177 |
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351 |
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372 |
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