Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects
Range shifts and phenological change are two processes by which organisms respond to environmental warming. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these changes is key for optimal conservation and management. Here we study both processes in the migratory Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewic...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7384179 2023-05-15T15:59:45+02:00 Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects Nuijten, Rascha J. M. Wood, Kevin A. Haitjema, Trinus Rees, Eileen C. Nolet, Bart A. 2020-06-09 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7384179/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32515077 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15151 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7384179/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32515077 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15151 © 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY Glob Chang Biol Primary Research Articles Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15151 2020-08-02T00:33:16Z Range shifts and phenological change are two processes by which organisms respond to environmental warming. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these changes is key for optimal conservation and management. Here we study both processes in the migratory Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) using different methods, analysing nearly 50 years of resighting data (1970–2017). In this period the wintering area of the Bewick's swans shifted eastwards (‘short‐stopping’) at a rate of ~13 km/year, thereby shortening individual migration distance on an average by 353 km. Concurrently, the time spent at the wintering grounds has reduced (‘short‐staying’) by ~38 days since 1989. We show that individuals are consistent in their migratory timing in winter, indicating that the frequency of individuals with different migratory schedules has changed over time (a generational shift). In contrast, for short‐stopping we found evidence for both individual plasticity (individuals decrease their migration distances over their lifetime) and generational shift. Additional analysis of swan resightings with temperature data showed that, throughout the winter, Bewick's swans frequent areas where air temperatures are c. 5.5°C. These areas have also shifted eastwards over time, hinting that climate warming is a contributing factor behind the observed changes in the swans' distribution. The occurrence of winter short‐stopping and short‐staying suggests that this species is to some extent able to adjust to climate warming, but benefits or repercussions at other times of the annual cycle need to be assessed. Furthermore, these phenomena could lead to changes in abundance in certain areas, with resulting monitoring and conservation implications. Understanding the processes and driving mechanisms behind population changes therefore is important for population management, both locally and across the species range. Text Cygnus columbianus PubMed Central (PMC) Global Change Biology 26 8 4263 4275 |
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Primary Research Articles Nuijten, Rascha J. M. Wood, Kevin A. Haitjema, Trinus Rees, Eileen C. Nolet, Bart A. Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects |
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Primary Research Articles |
description |
Range shifts and phenological change are two processes by which organisms respond to environmental warming. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these changes is key for optimal conservation and management. Here we study both processes in the migratory Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) using different methods, analysing nearly 50 years of resighting data (1970–2017). In this period the wintering area of the Bewick's swans shifted eastwards (‘short‐stopping’) at a rate of ~13 km/year, thereby shortening individual migration distance on an average by 353 km. Concurrently, the time spent at the wintering grounds has reduced (‘short‐staying’) by ~38 days since 1989. We show that individuals are consistent in their migratory timing in winter, indicating that the frequency of individuals with different migratory schedules has changed over time (a generational shift). In contrast, for short‐stopping we found evidence for both individual plasticity (individuals decrease their migration distances over their lifetime) and generational shift. Additional analysis of swan resightings with temperature data showed that, throughout the winter, Bewick's swans frequent areas where air temperatures are c. 5.5°C. These areas have also shifted eastwards over time, hinting that climate warming is a contributing factor behind the observed changes in the swans' distribution. The occurrence of winter short‐stopping and short‐staying suggests that this species is to some extent able to adjust to climate warming, but benefits or repercussions at other times of the annual cycle need to be assessed. Furthermore, these phenomena could lead to changes in abundance in certain areas, with resulting monitoring and conservation implications. Understanding the processes and driving mechanisms behind population changes therefore is important for population management, both locally and across the species range. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nuijten, Rascha J. M. Wood, Kevin A. Haitjema, Trinus Rees, Eileen C. Nolet, Bart A. |
author_facet |
Nuijten, Rascha J. M. Wood, Kevin A. Haitjema, Trinus Rees, Eileen C. Nolet, Bart A. |
author_sort |
Nuijten, Rascha J. M. |
title |
Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects |
title_short |
Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects |
title_full |
Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects |
title_fullStr |
Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects |
title_full_unstemmed |
Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: Individual and generational effects |
title_sort |
concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans: individual and generational effects |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7384179/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32515077 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15151 |
genre |
Cygnus columbianus |
genre_facet |
Cygnus columbianus |
op_source |
Glob Chang Biol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7384179/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32515077 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15151 |
op_rights |
© 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15151 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
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26 |
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8 |
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4263 |
op_container_end_page |
4275 |
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