Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, a process that is mainly driven by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon (C(ant)) from the atmosphere. Although C(ant) concentrations cannot be measured directly in the ocean, they have been estimated using data‐based methods such as t...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7380301 2023-05-15T14:41:26+02:00 Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean Terhaar, J. Tanhua, T. Stöven, T. Orr, J. C. Bopp, L. 2020-06-07 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380301/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728505 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016124 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380301/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016124 ©2020. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY J Geophys Res Oceans Research Articles Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016124 2020-08-02T00:27:47Z The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, a process that is mainly driven by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon (C(ant)) from the atmosphere. Although C(ant) concentrations cannot be measured directly in the ocean, they have been estimated using data‐based methods such as the transient time distribution (TTD) approach, which characterizes the ventilation of water masses with inert transient tracers, such as CFC‐12. Here, we evaluate the TTD approach in the Arctic Ocean using an eddying ocean model as a test bed. When the TTD approach is applied to simulated CFC‐12 in that model, it underestimates the same model's directly simulated C(ant) concentrations by up to 12%, a bias that stems from its idealized assumption of gas equilibrium between atmosphere and surface water, both for CFC‐12 and anthropogenic CO(2). Unlike the idealized assumption, the simulated partial pressure of CFC‐12 (pCFC‐12) in Arctic surface waters is undersaturated relative to that in the atmosphere in regions and times of deep‐water formation, while the simulated equivalent for C(ant) is supersaturated. After accounting for the TTD approach's negative bias, the total amount of C(ant) in the Arctic Ocean in 2005 increases by 8% to 3.3 ± 0.3 Pg C. By combining the adjusted TTD approach with scenarios of future atmospheric CO(2), it is estimated that all Arctic waters, from surface to depth, would become corrosive to aragonite by the middle of the next century even if atmospheric CO(2) could be stabilized at 540 ppm. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Ocean acidification PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Arctic Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125 6 |
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Research Articles Terhaar, J. Tanhua, T. Stöven, T. Orr, J. C. Bopp, L. Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean |
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Research Articles |
description |
The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, a process that is mainly driven by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon (C(ant)) from the atmosphere. Although C(ant) concentrations cannot be measured directly in the ocean, they have been estimated using data‐based methods such as the transient time distribution (TTD) approach, which characterizes the ventilation of water masses with inert transient tracers, such as CFC‐12. Here, we evaluate the TTD approach in the Arctic Ocean using an eddying ocean model as a test bed. When the TTD approach is applied to simulated CFC‐12 in that model, it underestimates the same model's directly simulated C(ant) concentrations by up to 12%, a bias that stems from its idealized assumption of gas equilibrium between atmosphere and surface water, both for CFC‐12 and anthropogenic CO(2). Unlike the idealized assumption, the simulated partial pressure of CFC‐12 (pCFC‐12) in Arctic surface waters is undersaturated relative to that in the atmosphere in regions and times of deep‐water formation, while the simulated equivalent for C(ant) is supersaturated. After accounting for the TTD approach's negative bias, the total amount of C(ant) in the Arctic Ocean in 2005 increases by 8% to 3.3 ± 0.3 Pg C. By combining the adjusted TTD approach with scenarios of future atmospheric CO(2), it is estimated that all Arctic waters, from surface to depth, would become corrosive to aragonite by the middle of the next century even if atmospheric CO(2) could be stabilized at 540 ppm. |
format |
Text |
author |
Terhaar, J. Tanhua, T. Stöven, T. Orr, J. C. Bopp, L. |
author_facet |
Terhaar, J. Tanhua, T. Stöven, T. Orr, J. C. Bopp, L. |
author_sort |
Terhaar, J. |
title |
Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Data‐Based Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
evaluation of data‐based estimates of anthropogenic carbon in the arctic ocean |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380301/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728505 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016124 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Ocean acidification |
op_source |
J Geophys Res Oceans |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380301/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016124 |
op_rights |
©2020. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016124 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
125 |
container_issue |
6 |
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1766313207079632896 |