Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice
Arctic regions, which are changing rapidly as they warm 2 to 3 times faster than the global average, still retain microbial habitats that serve as natural laboratories for understanding mechanisms of microbial adaptation to extreme conditions. Seawater-derived brines within both sea ice (sea-ice bri...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7300359 2023-05-15T14:56:39+02:00 Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice Zhong, Zhi-Ping Rapp, Josephine Z. Wainaina, James M. Solonenko, Natalie E. Maughan, Heather Carpenter, Shelly D. Cooper, Zachary S. Jang, Ho Bin Bolduc, Benjamin Deming, Jody W. Sullivan, Matthew B. 2020-06-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32546670 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00246-20 en eng American Society for Microbiology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32546670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00246-20 Copyright © 2020 Zhong et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . CC-BY mSystems Research Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00246-20 2020-06-28T00:23:10Z Arctic regions, which are changing rapidly as they warm 2 to 3 times faster than the global average, still retain microbial habitats that serve as natural laboratories for understanding mechanisms of microbial adaptation to extreme conditions. Seawater-derived brines within both sea ice (sea-ice brine) and ancient layers of permafrost (cryopeg brine) support diverse microbes adapted to subzero temperatures and high salinities, yet little is known about viruses in these extreme environments, which, if analogous to other systems, could play important evolutionary and ecosystem roles. Here, we characterized viral communities and their functions in samples of cryopeg brine, sea-ice brine, and melted sea ice. Viral abundance was high in cryopeg brine (1.2 × 10(8) ml(−1)) and much lower in sea-ice brine (1.3 × 10(5) to 2.1 × 10(5) ml(−1)), which roughly paralleled the differences in cell concentrations in these samples. Five low-input, quantitative viral metagenomes were sequenced to yield 476 viral populations (i.e., species level; ≥10 kb), only 12% of which could be assigned taxonomy by traditional database approaches, indicating a high degree of novelty. Additional analyses revealed that these viruses: (i) formed communities that differed between sample type and vertically with sea-ice depth; (ii) infected hosts that dominated these extreme ecosystems, including Marinobacter, Glaciecola, and Colwellia; and (iii) encoded fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes that likely helped their hosts overcome cold and salt stress during infection, as well as mediated horizontal gene transfer of FAD genes between microbes. Together, these findings contribute to understanding viral abundances and communities and how viruses impact their microbial hosts in subzero brines and sea ice. IMPORTANCE This study explores viral community structure and function in remote and extreme Arctic environments, including subzero brines within marine layers of permafrost and sea ice, using a modern viral ecogenomics toolkit for the first time. In ... Text Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic mSystems 5 3 |
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Research Article |
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Research Article Zhong, Zhi-Ping Rapp, Josephine Z. Wainaina, James M. Solonenko, Natalie E. Maughan, Heather Carpenter, Shelly D. Cooper, Zachary S. Jang, Ho Bin Bolduc, Benjamin Deming, Jody W. Sullivan, Matthew B. Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Arctic regions, which are changing rapidly as they warm 2 to 3 times faster than the global average, still retain microbial habitats that serve as natural laboratories for understanding mechanisms of microbial adaptation to extreme conditions. Seawater-derived brines within both sea ice (sea-ice brine) and ancient layers of permafrost (cryopeg brine) support diverse microbes adapted to subzero temperatures and high salinities, yet little is known about viruses in these extreme environments, which, if analogous to other systems, could play important evolutionary and ecosystem roles. Here, we characterized viral communities and their functions in samples of cryopeg brine, sea-ice brine, and melted sea ice. Viral abundance was high in cryopeg brine (1.2 × 10(8) ml(−1)) and much lower in sea-ice brine (1.3 × 10(5) to 2.1 × 10(5) ml(−1)), which roughly paralleled the differences in cell concentrations in these samples. Five low-input, quantitative viral metagenomes were sequenced to yield 476 viral populations (i.e., species level; ≥10 kb), only 12% of which could be assigned taxonomy by traditional database approaches, indicating a high degree of novelty. Additional analyses revealed that these viruses: (i) formed communities that differed between sample type and vertically with sea-ice depth; (ii) infected hosts that dominated these extreme ecosystems, including Marinobacter, Glaciecola, and Colwellia; and (iii) encoded fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes that likely helped their hosts overcome cold and salt stress during infection, as well as mediated horizontal gene transfer of FAD genes between microbes. Together, these findings contribute to understanding viral abundances and communities and how viruses impact their microbial hosts in subzero brines and sea ice. IMPORTANCE This study explores viral community structure and function in remote and extreme Arctic environments, including subzero brines within marine layers of permafrost and sea ice, using a modern viral ecogenomics toolkit for the first time. In ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Zhong, Zhi-Ping Rapp, Josephine Z. Wainaina, James M. Solonenko, Natalie E. Maughan, Heather Carpenter, Shelly D. Cooper, Zachary S. Jang, Ho Bin Bolduc, Benjamin Deming, Jody W. Sullivan, Matthew B. |
author_facet |
Zhong, Zhi-Ping Rapp, Josephine Z. Wainaina, James M. Solonenko, Natalie E. Maughan, Heather Carpenter, Shelly D. Cooper, Zachary S. Jang, Ho Bin Bolduc, Benjamin Deming, Jody W. Sullivan, Matthew B. |
author_sort |
Zhong, Zhi-Ping |
title |
Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice |
title_short |
Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice |
title_full |
Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice |
title_fullStr |
Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice |
title_sort |
viral ecogenomics of arctic cryopeg brine and sea ice |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32546670 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00246-20 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice |
op_source |
mSystems |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300359/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32546670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00246-20 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2020 Zhong et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00246-20 |
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mSystems |
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5 |
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3 |
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