Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation
The mechanism by which nutrients in the deep ocean are uplifted to maintain nutrient-rich surface waters in the subarctic Pacific has not been properly described. The iron (Fe) supply processes that control biological production in the nutrient-rich waters are also still under debate. Here, we repor...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7293607 2023-05-15T15:43:50+02:00 Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation Nishioka, Jun Obata, Hajime Ogawa, Hiroshi Ono, Kazuya Yamashita, Youhei Lee, Keunjong Takeda, Shigenobu Yasuda, Ichiro 2020-06-09 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32461367 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32461367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117 Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . CC-BY Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Physical Sciences Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117 2020-06-21T00:46:28Z The mechanism by which nutrients in the deep ocean are uplifted to maintain nutrient-rich surface waters in the subarctic Pacific has not been properly described. The iron (Fe) supply processes that control biological production in the nutrient-rich waters are also still under debate. Here, we report the processes that determine the chemical properties of intermediate water and the uplift of Fe and nutrients to the main thermocline, which eventually maintains surface biological productivity. Extremely nutrient-rich water is pooled in intermediate water (26.8 to 27.6 σ(θ)) in the western subarctic area, especially in the Bering Sea basin. Increases of two to four orders in the upward turbulent fluxes of nutrients were observed around the marginal sea island chains, indicating that nutrients are uplifted to the surface and are returned to the subarctic intermediate nutrient pool as sinking particles through the biological production and microbial degradation of organic substances. This nutrient circulation coupled with the dissolved Fe in upper-intermediate water (26.6 to 27.0 σ(θ)) derived from the Okhotsk Sea evidently constructs an area that has one of the largest biological CO(2) drawdowns in the world ocean. These results highlight the pivotal roles of the marginal seas and the formation of intermediate water at the end of the ocean conveyor belt. Text Bering Sea okhotsk sea Subarctic PubMed Central (PMC) Bering Sea Okhotsk Pacific Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 23 12665 12673 |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
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ftpubmed |
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English |
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Physical Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Physical Sciences Nishioka, Jun Obata, Hajime Ogawa, Hiroshi Ono, Kazuya Yamashita, Youhei Lee, Keunjong Takeda, Shigenobu Yasuda, Ichiro Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
topic_facet |
Physical Sciences |
description |
The mechanism by which nutrients in the deep ocean are uplifted to maintain nutrient-rich surface waters in the subarctic Pacific has not been properly described. The iron (Fe) supply processes that control biological production in the nutrient-rich waters are also still under debate. Here, we report the processes that determine the chemical properties of intermediate water and the uplift of Fe and nutrients to the main thermocline, which eventually maintains surface biological productivity. Extremely nutrient-rich water is pooled in intermediate water (26.8 to 27.6 σ(θ)) in the western subarctic area, especially in the Bering Sea basin. Increases of two to four orders in the upward turbulent fluxes of nutrients were observed around the marginal sea island chains, indicating that nutrients are uplifted to the surface and are returned to the subarctic intermediate nutrient pool as sinking particles through the biological production and microbial degradation of organic substances. This nutrient circulation coupled with the dissolved Fe in upper-intermediate water (26.6 to 27.0 σ(θ)) derived from the Okhotsk Sea evidently constructs an area that has one of the largest biological CO(2) drawdowns in the world ocean. These results highlight the pivotal roles of the marginal seas and the formation of intermediate water at the end of the ocean conveyor belt. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nishioka, Jun Obata, Hajime Ogawa, Hiroshi Ono, Kazuya Yamashita, Youhei Lee, Keunjong Takeda, Shigenobu Yasuda, Ichiro |
author_facet |
Nishioka, Jun Obata, Hajime Ogawa, Hiroshi Ono, Kazuya Yamashita, Youhei Lee, Keunjong Takeda, Shigenobu Yasuda, Ichiro |
author_sort |
Nishioka, Jun |
title |
Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
title_short |
Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
title_full |
Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
title_fullStr |
Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
title_sort |
subpolar marginal seas fuel the north pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32461367 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117 |
geographic |
Bering Sea Okhotsk Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea Okhotsk Pacific |
genre |
Bering Sea okhotsk sea Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea okhotsk sea Subarctic |
op_source |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293607/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32461367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
12665 |
op_container_end_page |
12673 |
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