Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus)
Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that th...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7287701 2023-05-15T14:31:07+02:00 Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) Eaton, Taryn Billette, Patricia Vonk, Jennifer 2020-04-26 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7287701/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32357527 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10050081 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7287701/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32357527 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10050081 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Behav Sci (Basel) Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10050081 2020-06-21T00:38:19Z Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that they cache their food. Two experiments assessed metacognition in one male arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) for the first time. An information-seeking paradigm was used, in which the subject had the opportunity to discover which compartment was baited before making a choice by looking through a transparent window in the apparatus. In the first experiment, choice accuracy during seen trials was equal to choice accuracy on unseen trials. Importantly, there was no significant difference between the subject’s looking behavior on seen versus unseen trials. In the second experiment, with chance probabilities reduced, the subject’s choice accuracy on both seen and unseen trials was below chance. The subject did not exhibit looking behavior in any of the trials. Latencies to choose were not influenced by whether he witnessed baiting. Although we did not obtain evidence of metacognition in our tests of a single subject, we maintain that foxes may be good candidates for further tests using similar methodologies to those introduced here. Text Arctic Fox Arctic Vulpes lagopus PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Behavioral Sciences 10 5 81 |
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Article Eaton, Taryn Billette, Patricia Vonk, Jennifer Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) |
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description |
Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that they cache their food. Two experiments assessed metacognition in one male arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) for the first time. An information-seeking paradigm was used, in which the subject had the opportunity to discover which compartment was baited before making a choice by looking through a transparent window in the apparatus. In the first experiment, choice accuracy during seen trials was equal to choice accuracy on unseen trials. Importantly, there was no significant difference between the subject’s looking behavior on seen versus unseen trials. In the second experiment, with chance probabilities reduced, the subject’s choice accuracy on both seen and unseen trials was below chance. The subject did not exhibit looking behavior in any of the trials. Latencies to choose were not influenced by whether he witnessed baiting. Although we did not obtain evidence of metacognition in our tests of a single subject, we maintain that foxes may be good candidates for further tests using similar methodologies to those introduced here. |
format |
Text |
author |
Eaton, Taryn Billette, Patricia Vonk, Jennifer |
author_facet |
Eaton, Taryn Billette, Patricia Vonk, Jennifer |
author_sort |
Eaton, Taryn |
title |
Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) |
title_short |
Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) |
title_full |
Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) |
title_fullStr |
Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) |
title_sort |
are there metacognitivists in the fox hole? a preliminary test of information seeking in an arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7287701/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32357527 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10050081 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Fox Arctic Vulpes lagopus |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fox Arctic Vulpes lagopus |
op_source |
Behav Sci (Basel) |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7287701/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32357527 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10050081 |
op_rights |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10050081 |
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Behavioral Sciences |
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10 |
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5 |
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81 |
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