Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins
It is known that adaptive evolution in permanently cold environments drives cold adaptation in enzymes. However, how the relatively high enzyme activities were achieved in cold environments prior to cold adaptation of enzymes is unclear. Here we report that an Antarctic strain of Chlorella vulgaris,...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7038666 2023-05-15T13:56:13+02:00 Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins Wang, Yali Liu, Xiaoxiang Gao, Hong Zhang, Hong-Mei Guo, An-Yuan Xu, Jian Xu, Xudong 2020-03 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7038666/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794607 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz273 en eng Oxford University Press http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7038666/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz273 © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com CC-BY-NC Discoveries Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz273 2020-03-08T01:36:46Z It is known that adaptive evolution in permanently cold environments drives cold adaptation in enzymes. However, how the relatively high enzyme activities were achieved in cold environments prior to cold adaptation of enzymes is unclear. Here we report that an Antarctic strain of Chlorella vulgaris, called NJ-7, acquired the capability to grow at near 0 °C temperatures and greatly enhanced freezing tolerance after systematic increases in abundance of enzymes/proteins and positive selection of certain genes. Having diverged from the temperate strain UTEX259 of the same species 2.5 (1.1–4.1) to 2.6 (1.0–4.5) Ma, NJ-7 retained the basic mesophilic characteristics and genome structures. Nitrate reductases in the two strains are highly similar in amino acid sequence and optimal temperature, but the NJ-7 one showed significantly higher abundance and activity. Quantitative proteomic analyses indicated that several cryoprotective proteins (LEA), many enzymes involved in carbon metabolism and a large number of other enzymes/proteins, were more abundant in NJ-7 than in UTEX259. Like nitrate reductase, most of these enzymes were not upregulated in response to cold stress. Thus, compensation of low specific activities by increased enzyme abundance appears to be an important strategy for early stage cold adaptation to Antarctica, but such enzymes are mostly not involved in cold acclimation upon transfer from favorable temperatures to near 0 °C temperatures. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Molecular Biology and Evolution 37 3 849 863 |
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Discoveries Wang, Yali Liu, Xiaoxiang Gao, Hong Zhang, Hong-Mei Guo, An-Yuan Xu, Jian Xu, Xudong Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins |
topic_facet |
Discoveries |
description |
It is known that adaptive evolution in permanently cold environments drives cold adaptation in enzymes. However, how the relatively high enzyme activities were achieved in cold environments prior to cold adaptation of enzymes is unclear. Here we report that an Antarctic strain of Chlorella vulgaris, called NJ-7, acquired the capability to grow at near 0 °C temperatures and greatly enhanced freezing tolerance after systematic increases in abundance of enzymes/proteins and positive selection of certain genes. Having diverged from the temperate strain UTEX259 of the same species 2.5 (1.1–4.1) to 2.6 (1.0–4.5) Ma, NJ-7 retained the basic mesophilic characteristics and genome structures. Nitrate reductases in the two strains are highly similar in amino acid sequence and optimal temperature, but the NJ-7 one showed significantly higher abundance and activity. Quantitative proteomic analyses indicated that several cryoprotective proteins (LEA), many enzymes involved in carbon metabolism and a large number of other enzymes/proteins, were more abundant in NJ-7 than in UTEX259. Like nitrate reductase, most of these enzymes were not upregulated in response to cold stress. Thus, compensation of low specific activities by increased enzyme abundance appears to be an important strategy for early stage cold adaptation to Antarctica, but such enzymes are mostly not involved in cold acclimation upon transfer from favorable temperatures to near 0 °C temperatures. |
format |
Text |
author |
Wang, Yali Liu, Xiaoxiang Gao, Hong Zhang, Hong-Mei Guo, An-Yuan Xu, Jian Xu, Xudong |
author_facet |
Wang, Yali Liu, Xiaoxiang Gao, Hong Zhang, Hong-Mei Guo, An-Yuan Xu, Jian Xu, Xudong |
author_sort |
Wang, Yali |
title |
Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins |
title_short |
Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins |
title_full |
Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins |
title_fullStr |
Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins |
title_full_unstemmed |
Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins |
title_sort |
early stage adaptation of a mesophilic green alga to antarctica: systematic increases in abundance of enzymes and lea proteins |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7038666/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794607 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz273 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
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Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
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Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7038666/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz273 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
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CC-BY-NC |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz273 |
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Molecular Biology and Evolution |
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37 |
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3 |
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849 |
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863 |
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