Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
It is of great significance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service to detect the polar ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its variations, particularly under disturbed ionosphere conditions, including different phases of solar activity, the polar day and night alternation...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7014520 2023-05-15T13:49:15+02:00 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years Xi, Hui Jiang, Hu An, Jiachun Wang, Zemin Xu, Xueyong Yan, Houxuan Feng, Can 2020-01-19 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014520/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963786 https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014520/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 2020-03-15T01:20:20Z It is of great significance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service to detect the polar ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its variations, particularly under disturbed ionosphere conditions, including different phases of solar activity, the polar day and night alternation, the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA) as well as geomagnetic storms. In this paper, four different models are utilized to map the ionospheric TEC over the Arctic and Antarctic for about one solar cycle: the polynomial (POLY) model, the generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, the spherical harmonic (SH) model, and the spherical cap harmonic (SCH) model. Compared to other models, the SCH model has the best performance with ±0.8 TECU of residual mean value and 1.5–3.5 TECU of root mean square error. The spatiotemporal distributions and variations of the polar ionospheric TEC are investigated and compared under different ionosphere conditions in the Arctic and Antarctic. The results show that the solar activity significantly affects the TEC variations. During polar days, the ionospheric TEC is more active than it is during polar nights. In polar days over the Antarctic, the maximum value of TEC always appears at night in the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea area affected by the WSA. In the same year, the ionospheric TEC of the Antarctic has a larger amplitude of annual variation than that of the TEC in the Arctic. In addition, the evolution of the ionization patch during a geomagnetic storm over the Antarctic can be clearly tracked employing the SCH model, which appears to be adequate for mapping the polar TEC, and provides a sound basis for further automatic identification of ionization patches. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic Weddell Sea PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Sensors 20 2 540 |
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Article Xi, Hui Jiang, Hu An, Jiachun Wang, Zemin Xu, Xueyong Yan, Houxuan Feng, Can Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years |
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It is of great significance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service to detect the polar ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its variations, particularly under disturbed ionosphere conditions, including different phases of solar activity, the polar day and night alternation, the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA) as well as geomagnetic storms. In this paper, four different models are utilized to map the ionospheric TEC over the Arctic and Antarctic for about one solar cycle: the polynomial (POLY) model, the generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, the spherical harmonic (SH) model, and the spherical cap harmonic (SCH) model. Compared to other models, the SCH model has the best performance with ±0.8 TECU of residual mean value and 1.5–3.5 TECU of root mean square error. The spatiotemporal distributions and variations of the polar ionospheric TEC are investigated and compared under different ionosphere conditions in the Arctic and Antarctic. The results show that the solar activity significantly affects the TEC variations. During polar days, the ionospheric TEC is more active than it is during polar nights. In polar days over the Antarctic, the maximum value of TEC always appears at night in the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea area affected by the WSA. In the same year, the ionospheric TEC of the Antarctic has a larger amplitude of annual variation than that of the TEC in the Arctic. In addition, the evolution of the ionization patch during a geomagnetic storm over the Antarctic can be clearly tracked employing the SCH model, which appears to be adequate for mapping the polar TEC, and provides a sound basis for further automatic identification of ionization patches. |
format |
Text |
author |
Xi, Hui Jiang, Hu An, Jiachun Wang, Zemin Xu, Xueyong Yan, Houxuan Feng, Can |
author_facet |
Xi, Hui Jiang, Hu An, Jiachun Wang, Zemin Xu, Xueyong Yan, Houxuan Feng, Can |
author_sort |
Xi, Hui |
title |
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years |
title_short |
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years |
title_full |
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years |
title_fullStr |
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years |
title_sort |
spatial and temporal variations of polar ionospheric total electron content over nearly thirteen years |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014520/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963786 https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014520/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 |
op_rights |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 |
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