The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) play a central role in the food web of the Southern Ocean, forming a link between primary production and large predators. Krill produce large, faecal pellets (FP) which can form a large component of mesopelagic particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes. However, the...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6961482 2023-05-15T13:40:25+02:00 The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring Belcher, A. Tarling, G. A. Manno, C. Atkinson, A. Ward, P. Skaret, G. Fielding, S. Henson, S. A. Sanders, R. 2017-04-13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6961482/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z en eng Springer Berlin Heidelberg http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6961482/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. CC-BY Original Paper Text 2017 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z 2020-02-02T01:17:56Z Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) play a central role in the food web of the Southern Ocean, forming a link between primary production and large predators. Krill produce large, faecal pellets (FP) which can form a large component of mesopelagic particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes. However, the patchy distribution of krill swarms, highly variable pellet composition, and variable sinking and attenuation rates means that these episodic, but potentially large, carbon fluxes are difficult to sample or model. We measured particle flux and type using Marine Snow Catchers (MSC) in the marginal ice zone near the South Orkneys, Antarctica. Krill FP were the dominant component of the POC flux in the upper 200 m (typically 60–85%). FP sinking velocities measured onboard were highly variable (15–507 m d(−1)) but overall high, with mean equivalent velocities of 172, 267, and 161 m d(−1) at our three stations. The high numbers of krill FP sinking through the mesopelagic suggest that krill FP can be transferred efficiently and/or that rates of krill FP production are high. We compared our direct MSC-derived estimates of krill FP POC flux (33–154 mg C m(−2) d(−1)) and attenuation to estimates of krill FP production based on previous measurements of krill density and literature FP egestion rates, and estimated net krill FP attenuation rates in the upper mesopelagic. Calculated attenuation rates are sensitive to krill densities in the overlying water column but suggest that krill FP could be transferred efficiently through the upper mesopelagic, and, in agreement with our MSC attenuation estimates, could make large contributions to bathypelagic POC fluxes. Our study contrasts with some others which suggest rapid FP attenuation, highlighting the need for further work to constrain attenuation rates and assess how important the contribution of Antarctic krill FP could be to the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z) contains ... Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctica Euphausia superba South Orkney Islands Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic South Orkney Islands ENVELOPE(-45.500,-45.500,-60.583,-60.583) Southern Ocean Polar Biology 40 10 2001 2013 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Original Paper |
spellingShingle |
Original Paper Belcher, A. Tarling, G. A. Manno, C. Atkinson, A. Ward, P. Skaret, G. Fielding, S. Henson, S. A. Sanders, R. The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring |
topic_facet |
Original Paper |
description |
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) play a central role in the food web of the Southern Ocean, forming a link between primary production and large predators. Krill produce large, faecal pellets (FP) which can form a large component of mesopelagic particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes. However, the patchy distribution of krill swarms, highly variable pellet composition, and variable sinking and attenuation rates means that these episodic, but potentially large, carbon fluxes are difficult to sample or model. We measured particle flux and type using Marine Snow Catchers (MSC) in the marginal ice zone near the South Orkneys, Antarctica. Krill FP were the dominant component of the POC flux in the upper 200 m (typically 60–85%). FP sinking velocities measured onboard were highly variable (15–507 m d(−1)) but overall high, with mean equivalent velocities of 172, 267, and 161 m d(−1) at our three stations. The high numbers of krill FP sinking through the mesopelagic suggest that krill FP can be transferred efficiently and/or that rates of krill FP production are high. We compared our direct MSC-derived estimates of krill FP POC flux (33–154 mg C m(−2) d(−1)) and attenuation to estimates of krill FP production based on previous measurements of krill density and literature FP egestion rates, and estimated net krill FP attenuation rates in the upper mesopelagic. Calculated attenuation rates are sensitive to krill densities in the overlying water column but suggest that krill FP could be transferred efficiently through the upper mesopelagic, and, in agreement with our MSC attenuation estimates, could make large contributions to bathypelagic POC fluxes. Our study contrasts with some others which suggest rapid FP attenuation, highlighting the need for further work to constrain attenuation rates and assess how important the contribution of Antarctic krill FP could be to the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z) contains ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Belcher, A. Tarling, G. A. Manno, C. Atkinson, A. Ward, P. Skaret, G. Fielding, S. Henson, S. A. Sanders, R. |
author_facet |
Belcher, A. Tarling, G. A. Manno, C. Atkinson, A. Ward, P. Skaret, G. Fielding, S. Henson, S. A. Sanders, R. |
author_sort |
Belcher, A. |
title |
The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring |
title_short |
The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring |
title_full |
The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring |
title_fullStr |
The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring |
title_full_unstemmed |
The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring |
title_sort |
potential role of antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the south orkney islands in spring |
publisher |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6961482/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-45.500,-45.500,-60.583,-60.583) |
geographic |
Antarctic South Orkney Islands Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic South Orkney Islands Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctica Euphausia superba South Orkney Islands Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctica Euphausia superba South Orkney Islands Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6961482/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2118-z |
container_title |
Polar Biology |
container_volume |
40 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
2001 |
op_container_end_page |
2013 |
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1766133231075196928 |