Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the OIE-listed, viral cause of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon. SAV is routinely detected by PCR–methods while typical histopathological lesions are additionally used to confirm the diagnosis. Field evaluation of diagnostic test performance is essential t...
Published in: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893554/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850380 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6893554 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6893554 2023-05-15T15:31:28+02:00 Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis Jansen, Mona Dverdal Guarracino, Mario Carson, Marianne Modahl, Ingebjørg Taksdal, Torunn Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Tavornpanich, Saraya 2019-11-28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893554/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850380 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893554/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 Copyright © 2019 Jansen, Guarracino, Carson, Modahl, Taksdal, Sindre, Brun and Tavornpanich. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Veterinary Science Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 2019-12-22T01:18:39Z Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the OIE-listed, viral cause of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon. SAV is routinely detected by PCR–methods while typical histopathological lesions are additionally used to confirm the diagnosis. Field evaluation of diagnostic test performance is essential to ensure confidence in a test's ability to predict the infection or disease status of a target animal. For most tests used in aquaculture, characteristics like sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the analytical level may be known. Few tests are, however, evaluated at the diagnostic level according to the OIE standard. In the present work, we estimated diagnostic test sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic test specificity (DSp) for five laboratory tests used for SAV detection. As there is no gold standard, the study was designed using Bayesian latent class analysis. Real-time RT-PCR, cell culture, histopathology, virus neutralization test, and immunohistochemistry were compared using samples taken from three different farmed Atlantic salmon populations with different infection status; one population regarded negative, one in an early stage of infection, and one in a later stage of infection. The average fish weight in the three populations was 2.0, 1.6, and 1.5 kg, respectively. The DSe and DSp of real-time RT-PCR is of particular interest due to its common use as a screening tool. The method showed high DSe (≥0.977) and moderate DSp (0.831) in all 3-populations models. The results further suggest that a follow-up test of serum samples in real-time RT-PCR negative populations may be prudent in cases where epidemiological information suggest a high risk of infection and where a false negative result is of high consequence. This study underlines the need to choose a test appropriate for the purpose of the testing. In the case of a weak positive PCR-result, a follow-up test should be conducted to verify the presence of SAV. Cell culture showed high DSe and DSp and may be used to verify viral presence. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) Norway Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) Frontiers in Veterinary Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Veterinary Science |
spellingShingle |
Veterinary Science Jansen, Mona Dverdal Guarracino, Mario Carson, Marianne Modahl, Ingebjørg Taksdal, Torunn Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Tavornpanich, Saraya Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis |
topic_facet |
Veterinary Science |
description |
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the OIE-listed, viral cause of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon. SAV is routinely detected by PCR–methods while typical histopathological lesions are additionally used to confirm the diagnosis. Field evaluation of diagnostic test performance is essential to ensure confidence in a test's ability to predict the infection or disease status of a target animal. For most tests used in aquaculture, characteristics like sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the analytical level may be known. Few tests are, however, evaluated at the diagnostic level according to the OIE standard. In the present work, we estimated diagnostic test sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic test specificity (DSp) for five laboratory tests used for SAV detection. As there is no gold standard, the study was designed using Bayesian latent class analysis. Real-time RT-PCR, cell culture, histopathology, virus neutralization test, and immunohistochemistry were compared using samples taken from three different farmed Atlantic salmon populations with different infection status; one population regarded negative, one in an early stage of infection, and one in a later stage of infection. The average fish weight in the three populations was 2.0, 1.6, and 1.5 kg, respectively. The DSe and DSp of real-time RT-PCR is of particular interest due to its common use as a screening tool. The method showed high DSe (≥0.977) and moderate DSp (0.831) in all 3-populations models. The results further suggest that a follow-up test of serum samples in real-time RT-PCR negative populations may be prudent in cases where epidemiological information suggest a high risk of infection and where a false negative result is of high consequence. This study underlines the need to choose a test appropriate for the purpose of the testing. In the case of a weak positive PCR-result, a follow-up test should be conducted to verify the presence of SAV. Cell culture showed high DSe and DSp and may be used to verify viral presence. |
format |
Text |
author |
Jansen, Mona Dverdal Guarracino, Mario Carson, Marianne Modahl, Ingebjørg Taksdal, Torunn Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Tavornpanich, Saraya |
author_facet |
Jansen, Mona Dverdal Guarracino, Mario Carson, Marianne Modahl, Ingebjørg Taksdal, Torunn Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Tavornpanich, Saraya |
author_sort |
Jansen, Mona Dverdal |
title |
Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis |
title_short |
Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis |
title_full |
Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Field Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Sensitivity and Specificity for Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) Infection and Pancreas Disease (PD) in Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway Using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis |
title_sort |
field evaluation of diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity for salmonid alphavirus (sav) infection and pancreas disease (pd) in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in norway using bayesian latent class analysis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893554/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850380 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Norway Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Norway Sav’ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893554/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2019 Jansen, Guarracino, Carson, Modahl, Taksdal, Sindre, Brun and Tavornpanich. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00419 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
container_volume |
6 |
_version_ |
1766361981975003136 |